Taƙaitaccen gabatarwar PDC da tarihin bit na PDC

Ƙididdigar lu'u-lu'u na polycrystalline (PDC) da PDC drills an gabatar da su ga kasuwa shekaru da yawa. A cikin wannan dogon lokaci PDC cutter da PDC drill bit sun fuskanci koma baya da yawa a farkon matakan su, kuma sun sami babban ci gaba. Sannu a hankali amma a ƙarshe, PDC ragowa a hankali sun maye gurbin mazugi raƙuman ruwa tare da ci gaba da haɓakawa a cikin abin yankan PDC, kwanciyar hankali, da ɗan tsarin hydraulic. PDC yanzu an sabuntamamayefiye da kashi 90% na jimillar faifan hakowa a duniya.

General Electric (GE) ne ya fara ƙirƙira PDC Cutter a shekarar 1971. Farkon PDC Cutters na masana'antar mai da iskar gas an yi shi ne a cikin 1973 kuma tare da gwajin shekaru 3 na gwaji da filin gwaji, an gabatar da shi ta kasuwanci a cikin 1976 bayan an tabbatar da shi sosai. inganci fiye da murkushe ayyukan maɓalli na carbide.

A farkon lokacin, tsarin abin yankan PDC shine kamar haka:  ƙarashin zagaye na carbide, (diamita 8.38mm, kauri 2.8mm),  da lu'u lu'u-lu'u (kauri 0.5mm ba tare da chamfer a saman ba). A lokacin, akwai kuma Compax "Slug System" PDC cutter. Tsarin wannan abin yanka ya kasance kamar haka: hadadden PDC weld zuwa siminti na carbide slug don ya sami sauƙin shigar a kan ɗigon rawar jiki na ƙarfe, ta haka yana kawo mafi dacewa ga mai ƙirar rawar soja.

A cikin 1973, GE ta gwada farkon PDC bit a cikin rijiya a yankin King Ranch na kudancin Texas. A lokacin aikin hakowa na gwaji, an yi la'akari da matsalar tsaftacewa na bit. Hakora uku sun yi kasa a haɗin gwiwa, kuma wasu hakora biyu sun karye tare da ɓangaren tungsten carbide. Daga baya, kamfanin ya gwada rawar soja na biyu a yankin Hudson na Colorado. Wannan rawar motsa jiki ya inganta tsarin hydraulic don matsalar tsaftacewa. The bit ya samu mafi kyau aiki a cikin sandstone-shale formations tare da sauri hakowa gudun. Amma akwai sabani da yawa daga tsarin rijiyar burtsatse da aka shirya a lokacin aikin hakowa, kuma har yanzu an sami raguwar asarar masu yankan PDC saboda haɗin ginin.

A cikin watan Afrilun 1974, an gwada bugu na uku a yankin San Juan na Utah, Amurka. Wannan bit ya inganta tsarin hakori da siffar bit. Bitamin ya maye gurbin mazugi na mazugi na karfe a cikin rijiyar da ke kusa da shi, amma bututun ya fado kuma bit din ya lalace. A lokacin, an yi la'akari da faruwa a kusa da ƙarshen hakowa don samuwar mai wuyar gaske, ko kuma matsala ta fadowa da bututun ƙarfe.

Daga 1974 zuwa 1976, kamfanoni daban-daban na rawar soja da 'yan kasuwa sun kimanta ci gaba daban-daban a cikin abin yankan PDC. Yawancin matsalolin da ake da su sun mayar da hankali kan bincike. Irin waɗannan sakamakon binciken an haɗa su cikin haƙoran Stratapax PDC, wanda GE ya ƙaddamar a cikin Disamba 1976.

Canjin sunan daga Compax zuwa Stratapax ya taimaka wajen kawar da ruɗani a cikin masana'antar bits tsakanin rago tare da haɗin gwiwar carbide tungsten, da lu'u-lu'u Compax.

GE's Stratapax cutters suna samuwa a gabatarwar samfur, 1976

A tsakiyar 90s, mutane sun fara amfani da fasahar chamfering a ko'ina akan yankan hakora na PDC, fasahar chamfer da yawa an karɓi ta a cikin nau'i na haƙƙin mallaka a cikin 1995. Idan an yi amfani da fasahar chamfering daidai, juriya ta karyewar PDC yankan hakora. za a iya ƙara da 100%.

A cikin 1980s, Kamfanin GE (Amurka) da Sumitomo Company (Japan) sun yi nazarin cire cobalt daga saman aiki na haƙoran PDC don inganta aikin hakora. Amma ba su sami nasarar kasuwanci ba. Daga baya an sake haɓaka wata fasaha kuma Hycalog ta sami haƙƙin mallaka（Amurka）. An tabbatar da cewa idan za'a iya cire kayan ƙarfe daga ratar hatsi, za a inganta yanayin zafi na haƙoran PDC sosai ta yadda bit zai iya yin rawar jiki mafi kyau a cikin nau'i mai wuyar gaske. Wannan fasahar kawar da cobalt tana haɓaka juriyar lalacewa na haƙoran PDC a cikin ƙirar dutsen mai ƙarfi sosai kuma yana ƙara faɗaɗa aikace-aikacen.Babban darajar PDC.

Tun daga shekara ta 2000, aikace-aikacen ɓangarorin PDC ya faɗaɗa cikin sauri. Samfuran da ba za a iya haƙa su da raƙuman ruwa na PDC ba a hankali a hankali za a iya hako su ta hanyar tattalin arziki da dogaro tare da raƙuman ruwa na PDC.

Ya zuwa 2004, a cikin masana'antar rawar soja, kudaden shiga na kasuwa na PDC drill bits sun mamaye kusan kashi 50%, kuma nisan hakowa ya kai kusan 60%. Wannan ci gaban yana ci gaba har yau. Kusan duk abin da ake amfani da shi a halin yanzu a aikace-aikacen hakowa na Arewacin Amurka sune raƙuman ruwa na PDC.

Adadin ya fito daga D.E. Scott

A takaice, tun lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 70s kuma ya sami saurin bunƙasa na farko, masu yankan PDC a hankali sun haɓaka ci gaba da ci gaban masana'antar haƙoran haƙori don haƙon mai da iskar gas. Tasirin fasahar PDC akan masana'antar hakowa yana da girma.

Sabbin masu shiga cikin kasuwar yankan hakora na PDC masu inganci, da kuma manyan kamfanonin haƙori, suna ci gaba da jagorantar gyare-gyare da gyare-gyare na kayan ƙirƙira da hanyoyin samarwa ta yadda za a iya ci gaba da inganta aikin yankan hakora na PDC da PDC.