Superhard Material

Menene babban abu mai wuya?

Wani abu mai ƙarfi abu ne mai ƙimar taurin da ya wuce gigapascals 40 (GPa) lokacin da aka auna ta gwajin taurin Vickers. Su ne kusan incompressible daskararru tare da high electron yawa da high bond covalency. Sakamakon kaddarorin su na musamman, waɗannan kayan suna da matukar sha'awa a cikin yankuna da yawa na masana'antu ciki har da, amma ba'a iyakance su ba, abrasives, gogewa da kayan aikin yankewa, birki na diski, da lalacewa da suturar kariya.

Hanyar da za a samo sababbin kayan aiki masu wuyar gaske

A cikin hanyar farko, masu bincike suna yin koyi da gajeriyar haɗin carbon carbon na lu'u-lu'u ta hanyar haɗa abubuwa masu haske kamar boron, carbon, nitrogen, da oxygen.

Hanya ta biyu ta ƙunshi waɗannan abubuwa masu sauƙi (B, C, N, da O), amma kuma suna gabatar da karafa na miƙa mulki tare da maɗaukakin valence electron densities don samar da babban rashin daidaituwa. Ta wannan hanyar, karafa masu manyan nau'ikan moduli masu girma amma ƙananan taurin suna haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta masu ƙima don samar da kayan aiki masu ƙarfi. Tungsten carbide shine bayyanar da ta dace da masana'antu ta wannan hanyar, kodayake ba a la'akari da shi sosai. A madadin haka, borides hade da karafa na canzawa sun zama yanki mai wadatar bincike mai zurfi kuma sun haifar da bincike kamar su.ReB2,OsB2, kumaWB4.

Rarraba kayan abu masu wuya

Za a iya rarraba kayan da suka fi ƙarfin gabaɗaya zuwa kashi biyu: mahadi na ciki da mahalli na waje. Ƙungiya mai mahimmanci ta haɗa da lu'u-lu'u, boron nitride cubic (c-BN), carbon nitrides, da mahadi na ternary kamar B-N-C, waɗanda ke da taurin asali. Sabanin haka, kayan da ake amfani da su sune waɗanda ke da tauri mai ƙarfi da sauran kaddarorin injina waɗanda aka ƙaddara ta ƙananan tsarin su maimakon abun da ke ciki. Misalin kayan abu mai wuyar gaske shine lu'u-lu'u nanocrystalline wanda aka sani da tarin nanorods lu'u-lu'u.

Lu'u-lu'u shine abu mafi wahala da aka sani har yau, tare da taurin Vickers a cikin kewayon 70-150 GPa. Lu'u lu'u-lu'u yana nuna babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki da kaddarorin da ke rufe wutar lantarki, kuma an sa hankali da yawa wajen nemo aikace-aikace masu amfani na wannan kayan. Kaddarorin lu'u-lu'u na mutum ɗaya ko carbonado sun bambanta sosai don dalilai na masana'antu, sabili da haka lu'ulu'u na roba ya zama babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali kan bincike.

Lu'u-lu'u na roba

Haɗin lu'u-lu'u mai girma a cikin 1953 a Sweden da kuma a cikin 1954 a cikin Amurka wanda aka samu ta hanyar haɓaka sabbin na'urori da dabaru, ya zama babban ci gaba a cikin haɓakar kayan aikin wucin gadi. Haɗin gwiwar ya nuna a fili yuwuwar aikace-aikacen matsin lamba don dalilai na masana'antu da kuma haɓaka sha'awar fage.

Abun yankan PDC wani nau'in abu ne mai wuyar gaske wanda ke haɗa lu'u-lu'u na polycrystalline tare da substrate carbide tungsten. Diamond shine mabuɗin albarkatun ƙasa don masu yankan PDC. Saboda lu'u-lu'u na halitta suna da wuyar samuwa kuma suna ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo, suna da tsada sosai, kuma suna da tsada don aikace-aikacen masana'antu, a cikin wannan yanayin, lu'u-lu'u na roba ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin masana'antu.

Idan kuna sha'awar samfuran carbide tungsten kuma kuna son ƙarin bayani da cikakkun bayanai, zaku iya tuntuɓar mu ta waya ko wasiƙa a hagu, ko Aika wasiƙun Amurka a kasan shafin.