Kev taw qhia luv luv ntawm PDC thiab PDC keeb kwm me ntsis

Polycrystalline pob zeb diamond compact (PDC) thiab PDC laum khoom tau qhia rau lub khw rau ntau xyoo lawm. Lub sijhawm ntev no PDC cutter thiab PDC laum me ntsis tau ntsib ntau qhov kev poob qis hauv lawv cov theem pib, kuj tau ntsib kev txhim kho zoo. Maj mam tab sis thaum kawg, PDC cov khoom maj mam hloov cov khoom siv nrog kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv hauv PDC cutter, me ntsis stability, thiab me ntsis hydraulic qauv. PDC tam sim nonyobntau tshaj 90% ntawm tag nrho cov drilling footage nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

PDC Cutter tau tsim thawj zaug los ntawm General Electric (GE) hauv xyoo 1971. Thawj PDC Cutters rau kev lag luam roj thiab roj tau ua tiav xyoo 1973 thiab nrog 3 xyoos ntawm kev sim thiab kev sim teb, nws tau nthuav tawm kev lag luam hauv xyoo 1976 tom qab nws tau raug pov thawj ntau ntxiv. npaum li crushing ua ntawm carbide khawm khoom.

Thaum ntxov, PDC cutter tus qauv yog zoo li no: ​​ib carbide round tip, (inch 8.38mm, thickness 2.8mm), thiab pob zeb diamond txheej ( thickness 0.5mm tsis muaj chamfer rau saum npoo). Lub sijhawm ntawd, kuj tseem muaj Compax "slug system" PDC cutter. Cov qauv ntawm cov cutter no zoo li no: PDC complex weld rau cov cemented carbide slug kom nws tuaj yeem yooj yim rau nruab rau ntawm lub cev steel laum me ntsis, yog li ua kom yooj yim dua rau tus tsim laum me ntsis.

Xyoo 1973, GE tau sim nws qhov PDC thaum ntxov hauv lub qhov dej hauv King Ranch cheeb tsam ntawm sab qab teb Texas. Thaum lub sij hawm sim drilling txheej txheem, qhov teeb meem tu me ntsis tau pom tias muaj nyob. Peb cov hniav ua tsis tiav ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke, thiab ob tug hniav sib tsoo ua ke nrog tungsten carbide ib feem. Tom qab ntawd, lub tuam txhab tau sim ib qho kev xyaum thib ob hauv Hudson cheeb tsam ntawm Colorado. Qhov kev xyaum no tau txhim kho cov qauv hydraulic rau qhov teeb meem tu. Lub ntsis tau ua tiav kev ua tau zoo dua hauv cov xuab zeb-shale formations nrog ceev ceev drilling ceev. Tab sis muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev npaj borehole trajectory thaum lub sij hawm drilling, thiab ib qho me me ntawm PDC cutters poob tseem tshwm sim vim kev sib txuas ntawm brazing.

Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1974, ib qho kev xyaum thib peb tau sim hauv San Juan cheeb tsam ntawm Utah, Tebchaws Asmeskas. Qhov no me ntsis tau txhim kho cov qauv hniav thiab cov duab me ntsis. Lub ntsis hloov lub cev steel lub khob hliav qab cov khoom nyob rau hauv qhov uas nyob ib sab, tab sis lub nozzle poob thiab me ntsis puas. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, nws tau pom tias tshwm sim nyob ze qhov kawg ntawm qhov drilling rau ib qho nyuaj tsim, los yog ib qho teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm qhov poob nozzle.

Los ntawm 1974 txog 1976, ntau lub tuam txhab laum me me thiab cov neeg lag luam tau soj ntsuam ntau yam kev txhim kho hauv PDC cutter. Ntau qhov teeb meem uas twb muaj lawm tau tsom mus rau kev tshawb fawb. Cov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb no tau koom ua ke hauv cov hniav Stratapax PDC, tsim los ntawm GE thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1976.

Lub npe hloov ntawm Compax mus rau Stratapax tau pab tshem tawm qhov tsis meej pem hauv kev lag luam me ntawm cov khoom nrog tungsten carbide compacts, thiab pob zeb diamond Compax.

GE's Stratapax cutters muaj nyob rau ntawm cov khoom taw qhia, 1976

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-90s, cov neeg pib dav siv tshuab chamfering ntawm PDC txiav cov hniav, ntau chamfer tshuab tau txais kev pom zoo nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug patent nyob rau hauv 1995. Yog hais tias lub chamfering tshuab yog thov kom raug, lub fracture resistance ntawm PDC txiav hniav. tuaj yeem nce 100%.

Xyoo 1980s, ob lub tuam txhab GE (USA) thiab Sumitomo Company (Nyiv) tau kawm txog kev tshem tawm cobalt los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm PDC cov hniav txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hniav. Tab sis lawv tsis tau ua tiav kev lag luam. Tom qab ib lub tshuab tau rov tsim dua thiab patented los ntawm Hycalog（Teb chaws USA）. Nws tau raug pov thawj tias yog tias cov khoom siv hlau tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nplej, qhov thermal stability ntawm PDC cov hniav yuav zoo heev kom lub ntsis tuaj yeem xyaum zoo dua hauv cov txheej txheem nyuaj thiab ntau dua. Lub tshuab tshem tawm cobalt no txhim kho qhov hnav tsis kam ntawm PDC cov hniav hauv cov pob zeb nyuaj heev thiab ua rau daim ntawv thov dav ntxiv.ntau yam ntawm PDC cov khoom.

Pib xyoo 2000, daim ntawv thov ntawm PDC cov khoom tau nthuav dav sai. Cov txheej txheem uas tsis tuaj yeem raug drilled nrog PDC cov khoom tau maj mam tuaj yeem ua rau kev lag luam thiab kev ntseeg siab nrog PDC laum khoom.

Raws li xyoo 2004, hauv kev lag luam laum, cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev lag luam ntawm PDC laum cov khoom nyob ntawm 50%, thiab qhov kev sib tw drilling mus txog ze li 60%. Txoj kev loj hlob no txuas ntxiv mus txog niaj hnub no. Yuav luag txhua qhov tam sim no siv nyob rau hauv North American drilling daim ntawv thov yog PDC khoom.

Daim duab yog los ntawm D.E. Scott

Nyob rau hauv luv luv, txij li thaum nws tau launched nyob rau hauv lub 70s thiab tau ntsib nws thawj zaug kev loj hlob qeeb, PDC cutters tau maj mam txhawb txoj kev loj hlob tsis tu ncua ntawm kev lag luam me me rau roj thiab roj tshawb nrhiav thiab drilling. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm PDC thev naus laus zis ntawm kev lag luam drilling yog qhov loj heev.

Cov neeg nkag tshiab hauv kev ua lag luam ntawm cov khoom zoo PDC txiav cov hniav, nrog rau cov tuam txhab laum loj, txuas ntxiv ua cov kev hloov kho thiab kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom kom cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm PDC txiav cov hniav thiab PDC laum cov khoom tuaj yeem txhim kho tsis tu ncua.