Mkpebi dị mkpirikpi nke PDC na PDC bit akụkọ ihe mere eme

Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) na PDC drill bits ka ewebatala n'ahịa ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ. N'ime ogologo oge a PDC cutter na PDC drill bit enwetala ọtụtụ ihe ndọghachi azụ n'oge mmalite ha, nwetakwara nnukwu mmepe. Nwayọọ nwayọọ mana n'ikpeazụ, PDC ibe n'ibe ji nwayọọ nwayọọ dochie cone ibe n'ibe na-aga n'ihu na nkwalite na PDC cutter, bit kwụsie ike, na bit hydraulic Ọdịdị. PDC dị ugbu abidokarịa 90% nke mkpokọta mkpọpu ihe n'ụwa.

Emepụtara PDC Cutter nke mbụ site n'aka General Electric (GE) na 1971. Emebere PDC Cutters maka ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ na gas na 1973 na afọ 3 nke nnwale na nnwale ubi, ewebata ya na azụmaahịa na 1976 mgbe egosipụtara ya karịa. Oru oma karia omume ihichapu nke bọtịnụ carbide.

N'oge mbụ, ihe owuwu PDC cutter dị ka nke a:  carbide gburugburu n'ọnụ ọnụ, ( dayameta 8.38mm, ọkpụrụkpụ 2.8mm), na oyi akwa diamond (ọkpụrụkpụ 0.5mm na-enweghị chamfer n'elu). N'oge ahụ, e nwekwara Compax "slug System" PDC cutter. Ọdịdị nke onye na-egbutu ihe a dị ka nke a: ihe mgbagwoju anya PDC na cemented carbide slug nke mere na ọ ga-adị mfe ịwụnye na nchara anụ ahụ, si otú ahụ na-eme ka ndị mmebe ahụ dịkwuo mma.

N'afọ 1973, GE nwalere ntakịrị PDC ya na olulu mmiri dị na mpaghara King Ranch nke ndịda Texas. N'oge usoro nyocha nke nyocha, nsogbu nhicha nke bit ahụ dị ka ọ dị. Ezé atọ dara na nkwonkwo brazed, na ezé abụọ ọzọ gbajiri akụkụ tungsten carbide. Ka oge na-aga, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwalere mgbatị nke abụọ na mpaghara Hudson nke Colorado. Nke a na-egwupụta ihe emeela ka usoro hydraulic dị mma maka nsogbu ihicha. Ihe bit ahụ enwetala arụmọrụ ka mma na nhazi nke nkume-shale na-agba ọsọ ngwa ngwa. Mana enwere ọtụtụ nhụsianya sitere na ebe a na-eme atụmatụ olulu mmiri n'oge a na-egwupụta ihe, na obere ego nke ndị na-egbutu PDC ka na-ada n'ihi njikọ brazing.

N'April 1974, a nwalere olulu nke atọ na mpaghara San Juan nke Utah, USA. Nke a bit emewo ka mma eze Ọdịdị na bit udi. Ihe nrịbama ahụ nọchiri ibe nchara nchara dị n'akụkụ olulu mmiri dị n'akụkụ, mana nozulu ahụ dara wee mebie ihe ahụ. N'oge ahụ, a na-ewere ya na ọ ga-eme n'akụkụ njedebe nke mkpọpu mmiri maka nhazi siri ike, ma ọ bụ nsogbu nke nsị na-ada ada.

Site na 1974 ruo 1976, ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche na ndị ọchụnta ego tụlere mmelite dị iche iche na cutter PDC. Ọtụtụ nsogbu ndị dị adị lekwasịrị anya na nyocha. Achọpụtara nsonaazụ nyocha dị otú ahụ n'ime ezé Stratapax PDC, nke GE malitere na Disemba 1976.

Aha mgbanwe site na Compax gaa na Stratapax nyere aka wepụ mgbagwoju anya na ụlọ ọrụ bit n'etiti bits na tungsten carbide compacts, na diamond Compax.

GE's Stratapax cutters dị na ntinye ngwaahịa, 1976

N'etiti 90s, ndị mmadụ malitere iji teknụzụ chamfering n'ọtụtụ ebe na PDC ịcha ezé, a nakweere teknụzụ multi-chamfer n'ụdị patent na 1995. Ọ bụrụ na a na-etinye nkà na ụzụ chamfering n'ụzọ ziri ezi, nkwụsị mgbawa nke PDC ịcha ezé. enwere ike ịbawanye 100%.

N'afọ ndị 1980, ụlọ ọrụ GE (USA) na Ụlọ ọrụ Sumitomo (Japan) amụ banyere mwepụ nke cobalt na-arụ ọrụ nke ezé PDC iji meziwanye ọrụ nke ezé. Ma ha enwetaghị ihe ịga nke ọma n'ahịa. E mechara mepụtaghachi teknụzụ wee nweta ikike nke Hycalog（USA）. E gosipụtara na ọ bụrụ na enwere ike iwepụ ihe ígwè ahụ site na oghere ọka, a ga-eme ka nkwụsi ike nke okpomọkụ nke ezé PDC dịkwuo mma ka bit ahụ wee nwee ike ịkụnye nke ọma n'ụdị siri ike na nke abrasive. Teknụzụ mkpochapụ cobalt a na-eme ka iguzogide ezé PDC na-eyi n'ụdị nkume siri ike nke ukwuu ma na-agbasawanye ngwa ahụ.Ọnụ ego nke PDC bits.

Malite n'afọ 2000, ngwa nke bit PDC agbasala ngwa ngwa. Nhazi ndị a na-enweghị ike iji obere PDC jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ gwuo ya n'ụzọ akụ na ụba yana ntụkwasị obi site n'iji obere mkpọpu PDC.

N'ihe dị ka afọ 2004, n'ime ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta ihe, ego a na-enweta n'ahịa nke PDC drill bits ji ihe dị ka 50%, na ebe igwu mmiri ruru ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 60%. Uto a na-aga n'ihu ruo taa. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe niile a na-eji ugbu a na ngwa mkpọ ala North America bụ ibe n'ibe PDC.

Ọnụ ọgụgụ a sitere na D.E. Scott

Na nkenke, ebe ọ bụ na ewepụtara ya na 70s wee nweta ọganihu ngwa ngwa mbụ ya, ndị na-egbutu PDC ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ kwalite mmepe na-aga n'ihu nke ụlọ ọrụ egwu egwu maka nchọpụta mmanụ na gas. Mmetụta nke nkà na ụzụ PDC na ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta ihe dị ukwuu.

Ndị ọhụrụ na-abanye n'ahịa nke ndị na-emepụta ezé ezé dị elu nke PDC, yana nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-egwupụta ihe, na-aga n'ihu na-eduzi mgbanwe na mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ nke ihe ọhụrụ na mmepụta ihe ka ịrụ ọrụ nke PDC ịcha ezé na PDC ịkụ ọkpọ nwere ike na-aga n'ihu.