Hot forging and cold forging are two different processes for forming metal that delivers similar results. The manufacturer will look at a number of criteria before choosing which type of forging is best for a particular application.

The Process of Hot Forging Process (Also called Hot Forming)

Hot forging is the process in which the material must be heated to a high temperature to be formed, that’s how the name “hot forging” comes. The average temperatures necessary for hot forging are:

Up to 1150 degrees Celsius for Steel

360 to 520 degrees Celsius for Al-Alloys

700 to 800 degrees Celsius for Cu-Alloys

Heating the material during hot forging raises the temperature above the recrystallization point of the metal. Extreme heat is necessary to avoid strain hardening of the metal during deformation. A type of hot forging called isothermal forging is useful in order to prevent the oxidation of certain metals, like superalloys. In isothermal forging, the process occurs in a highly controlled atmosphere, similar to that of a vacuum.

Hot Forging Considerations

Manufacturers commonly choose hot forging for the production of parts that have a greater influence in the technical arena. Hot forging is also recommended for the deformation of metal that features a high formability ratio. Other considerations for hot forging include:

  1. Production of discrete parts

  2. Low to medium accuracy

  3. Scale Formation

  4. Low stresses or low work hardening

  5. Homogenized grain structure

  6. Increased ductility

  7. Elimination of chemical incongruities

Possible disadvantages of hot forging

Less precise tolerances

Possible warping of the material during the cooling process

Varying metal grain structure

Possible reactions between the surrounding atmosphere and the metal

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