Malo Ogwiritsira Ntchito Thermal Spray Technology

M'zaka zaposachedwa, matekinoloje opopera mafuta asintha kuchokera kuzinthu zopanda pake zomwe zinali zovuta kuziwongolera, kukhala zida zodziwika bwino zomwe zimapangidwira kuti ziganizire zazinthu zomwe zidayikidwa komanso zokutira zofunika.

Ukadaulo wautsi wopopera mafuta ukukulirakulirabe ndipo ntchito zatsopano zimawoneka pazida zokutira zopopera ndi zomangira. Tiyeni tiphunzire madera akuluakulu ogwiritsira ntchito ukadaulo wamafuta opopera.

1. Ndege

Ukadaulo wa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'munda wa ndege, monga kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa zotchingira zotentha (zomangira zosanjikiza + za ceramic pamwamba) pamasamba a injini ya ndege. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa plasma, zigawo zomangira zomangira moto wa supersonic lawi, monga NiCoCrAlY ndi CoNiCrAlY, ndi ceramic pamwamba wosanjikiza, monga 8% Y0-ZrO(YSZ) oxide (yomwe ili ndi osowa earth oxide) kusinthidwa kwa doping YSZ, monga TiO+YSZ, YSZ+ A10 kapena osowa lapansi lanthanum zirconate-based oxides monga La(ZoCe)024 adaphunziridwanso ngati zokutira zotchinga matenthedwe pazipinda zoyaka moto za roketi5. Mphepete mwa ma rotor shaft ya ma helikoputala ogwirira ntchito zankhondo m'malo achipululu amakokoloka mosavuta ndi mchenga. Kugwiritsa ntchito HVOF ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa WC12Co kumatha kusintha kukana kwake. HVOF imapopera zokutira za Al-SiC pagawo la magnesium alloy paulendo wandege, zomwe zimatha kusintha kukana kuvala.

2. Makampani a Zitsulo ndi Mafuta

Makampani achitsulo ndi zitsulo ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kupopera mafuta, ndipo ndi gawo lachiwiri lalikulu kwambiri ku China pambuyo popopera mafuta pamakampani oyendetsa ndege. Mu 2009, ku China zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zidapanga 47% ya zitsulo zapadziko lonse lapansi. Ndi dziko lenileni lachitsulo, koma si nyumba yachitsulo. Zitsulo zina zapamwamba zikufunikabe kutumizidwa kunja kwaunyinji. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti kupopera mankhwala ku China sikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani azitsulo. Monga kuphulika ng'anjo tuyere, mkulu-kutentha annealing ng'anjo wodzigudubuza, otentha wodzigudubuza mbale kufalitsa wodzigudubuza, thandizo wodzigudubuza, kuwongola wodzigudubuza, kanasonkhezereka kukweza wodzigudubuza, kumira wodzigudubuza, etc. Kugwiritsa ntchito ❖ kuyanika matenthedwe kutsitsi pa zigawozi akhoza kwambiri kusintha ntchito Mwachangu ndi kuchepetsa ndalama, Kupititsa patsogolo ubwino wa mankhwala, ndipo ubwino ndi wofunikira 19-0.

Pamsonkhano wa ITSC wa 2011, katswiri wa ku Japan Namba adafufuza za ma patent okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kupopera kwamafuta m'makampani azitsulo padziko lonse lapansi. Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zikuwonetsa kuti kuyambira 1990 mpaka 2009, ma Patent aku Japan anali 39%, ma Patent aku US anali 22%, ma Patent aku Europe anali 17%, ma Patent aku China anali 9%, ma Patent aku Korea 6%, ma Patent aku Russia 3. %, ma Patent aku Brazil ndi 3%, ndipo ma Patent aku India ndi 1%. Poyerekeza ndi mayiko otukuka monga Japan, Europe, ndi United States, kugwiritsa ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa m'makampani azitsulo ku China ndikocheperako, ndipo malo otukuka ndi akulu.

Malipoti atsatanetsatane okhudzana ndi msonkhanowo adaphatikizansopo ufa wa NiCrAlY ndi YO monga zida zopangira, NiCrAlY-Y0 ufa wopopera zidakonzedwa ndi njira za agglomeration sintering ndi kusakaniza, ndipo zokutira zidakonzedwa ndi mfuti yapopera ya HVOFDJ2700. Tsanzirani anti-buildup of ng'anjo mipukutu mu makampani zitsulo. Zotsatira zafukufuku zikuwonetsa kuti zokutira zaufa zokonzedwa ndi njira ya agglomeration sintering zili ndi anti-manganese oxide build-up resistance, koma kusakanizidwa bwino kwa iron oxide build-up. Zopaka zokonzedwa kuchokera ku ufa wosakaniza.

Ukadaulo kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu gasi, mapaipi amafuta, ndi valavu pachipata pamwamba kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa odana ndi dzimbiri ndi zokutira kuvala zosagwira, ambiri amene HVOF kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa WC10Co4Cr ❖ kuyanika.

3. Mphamvu zatsopano, zida zatsopano, ndi makina opangira gasi

Ma cell olimba amafuta (SOFCs) tsopano apangidwa molunjika ku mbale zathyathyathya ndi mbale zoonda, kuphatikiza ma anode, ma electrolyte, ma cathodes,ndi zigawo zoteteza. Pakalipano, mapangidwe azinthu ndi teknoloji yopanga ma cell olimba amafuta akhwima, ndipo vuto lalikulu ndi vuto lokonzekera. Ukadaulo wa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa (kupopera mbewu kwa plasma wocheperako, kupopera mbewu kwa vacuum) wakhala ukadaulo wodziwika kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kupopera kwamafuta pa SOFC ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito kwaposachedwa kwambiri kwaukadaulo wopopera mbewu mankhwalawa mu mphamvu zatsopano, komanso kumalimbikitsa chitukuko cha zida zopopera mankhwala zogwirizana. Mwachitsanzo, plasma sprayed LaSrMnO (LSM) spray material, German HC.Starck kampani yayamba kale kupanga ndi kugulitsa zinthu zimenezi ndi zipangizo zogwirizana. Ofufuzawo adagwiritsanso ntchito kupopera mankhwala amadzimadzi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi kuti akonzekerere electrode chuma LiFePO kwa mabatire a lithiamu-ion. malipoti okhudzana ndi kafukufuku.

Kukula kwaukadaulo wopopera mbewu mankhwalawa sikungasiyanitsidwe ndikusintha kwa zida. Msonkhano uliwonse wapadziko lonse wopopera mbewu mankhwalawa umakhala ndi malipoti okhudza zida zatsopano. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwake kochepa komanso kamangidwe kothamanga kwambiri, mfuti ya K2 yopopera mankhwala ya GTV HVOF imatha kupopera zitsulo zachitsulo monga Cu zokutira, ndipo mpweya wokwanira wa zokutira ndi 0.04% yokha, yomwe ikufanana ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ozizira. Pogwiritsa ntchito makina opopera opopera kwambiri a HVOF, kuthamanga kwa chipinda choyaka kumatha kufika 1 ~ 3MPa, ndipo kutuluka kwa lawi ndi kutentha kochepa komanso kuthamanga kwambiri, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa 316L ufa wosapanga dzimbiri, mphamvu yoyikapo imatha kufika 90%.

Ma turbine turbine blade a mafakitale ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zokutira zotchingira mafuta a plasma, monga YSZ, LazZrzO, SmzZrzO, GdzZr20 makina opaka, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kunja ndipo pano ndi malo otchuka ofufuza ku China.

4. Kukana kuvala kwa makina

Ukadaulo wa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa nthawi zonse wakhala gawo lofunikira pamisonkhano iliyonse yapadziko lonse lapansi yopopera mafuta pagawo la kukana kuvala chifukwa pafupifupi malo onse ogwirira ntchito amang'ambika, ndipo kulimbikitsa ndi kukonzanso pamwamba ndizochitika zamtsogolo za chitukuko chaukadaulo, makamaka ndiukadaulo. osiyanasiyana ntchito mu makampani kuvala zosagwira komanso amalimbikitsa chitukuko cha matenthedwe kutsitsi kuvala zipangizo kuvala. Zovala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi: kuwotcherera (kupopera kwamoto + kusungunula) ma aloyi a NiCrBSi, omwe amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri komanso amaphunzira m'munda wosamva, monga HVOF kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa FeCrNBC, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa arc NiCrBSi pambuyo pokonzanso Kafukufuku. pa microstructure ndi kuvala kukana, etc.; Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa HVOF, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa mozizira kwa tungsten carbide-based based, ndi zokutira zochokera ku chromium carbide ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndikufufuzidwa pankhani ya kukana kuvala; China mkulu-mapeto makampani tungsten carbide ofotokoza ufa utsi kudalira kunja, monga ndege Kupopera kwa chimango kugwa, wodzigudubuza kumira, corrugating wodzigudubuza, ndi zina zotero. palinso zofunika zatsopano kwa tungsten carbide ofotokoza kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ufa, monga chofunika tinthu kukula ndi -20um + 5um.

5. Nanostructures ndi zipangizo zatsopano

Zovala zosasinthika, ufa, ndi zida zatsopano zakhala zikuyang'ana pa kafukufuku wapadziko lonse lapansi kwazaka zambiri. Kupaka kwa Nanostructured WC12Co kumakonzedwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa HVOF. The tinthu kukula kwa ufa sprayed ndi -10μm + 2μm, ndi WC tirigu kukula ndi 400nm. Kampani yaku Germany ya DURUM yapanga mafakitale. Me lenvk adaphunzira ufa wa WC10Co4Cr wokonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito tungsten carbide yokhala ndi miyeso yosiyanasiyana yambewu monga zopangira, monga WC kukula kwambewu> 12um (kapangidwe kovomerezeka), kukula kwambewu ya WC 0.2 ~ 0.4um (kapangidwe kambewu kabwino), kukula kwambewu ya WC ~ 0.2um (kapangidwe kambewu kakang'ono kwambiri); WC tirigu kukula

12um (kapangidwe kovomerezeka), kukula kwambewu ya WC 0.2 ~ 0.4um (kapangidwe kambewu kabwino), kukula kwambewu ya WC ~ 0.2um (kapangidwe kambewu kakang'ono kwambiri); WC tirigu kukula

6. Biomedical ndi mapepala kusindikiza

Ukadaulo wopopera mafuta umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani azachipatala, monga vacuum plasma, HVOF sprayed Ti, hydroxyapatite, ndi zokutira za hydroxyapatite + Ti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani azachipatala (mano, mafupa). Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa TiO2-Ag, monga kuyika pa Cu ma coil of air conditioners, kumatha kulepheretsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya ndikuwasunga aukhondo.