Tungsten’s nhoroondo

Tungsten carbide chinhu chakaumbwa chinosanganisira WC sechikamu chakaoma uye cobalt (Co) sechikamu chekusunga.Nhoroondo yekomboni iyi inogona kuteverwa kumashure kusvika kuma1700s. Panguva iyoyo, vashandi vemumigodhi muErz Mountains muSaxony Germany vakaona kuti mamwe masimbi aizokanganisa kuderedzwa kwemafuta.cassiterite uye kugadzira slag.But tungsten yaivayakatanga kutorwa kubva musimbi wolframitenaJuan JoseD’Elhuyar nemukoma wake Fausto. They hadkungoderedza tungstic acid uchishandisa marasha kugadzira simbi.Nekuita izvi, ivo vakangoerekana vaona kuti iyo yakanyanya kunyungudika yechinhu ichi ndeye3422madhigirii celsius----Simbi ine pakanyanya kunyungudikapamusoro pekaviri kunyungudika kwe platinum.Muna 1841, chemist Robert Oxland akawana kodzero yeBritish patent yekugadzira nzira dze sodium tungstate, tungstic acid, uye metallic tungsten. Uku kwaive kufambira mberi kukuru munhoroondo yemazuva ano yemakemikari etungsten uye kwakavhura nzira yekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri etungsten.

Muna 1896, kusangana netsaona kwetungsten carbide kwakaunza shanduko yekuchinja kuindasitiri uye ine simba guru munharaunda yese.It yakawanikwa naHenri Moissanndiani iyeNobel mubayiro wakahwinar. Kutsvaga kugadziraan artificial diamond, Moisson inopisa shuga uye tungsten oxide muchoto. Shuga yakashanda sechinhu chinoderedza kuti okisijeni ibudee yakanyunguduka tungsten carbide. Yairatidza zvimwe zvinhu zvinodikanwa, asi yakanga isina kusimba kuti ishandiswe mune chero pfungwa yekutengeserana.Hpane, Iyo Osram Mwenje Inoshanda yeBerlin whorecognizedkukwanisa kwe carbide munguva pfupi yakabata mukana wekugadzira simende yesimbi, ine tungsten carbide zvimedu zviri kuiswa mune cobalt matrix. Iyo carbide yaive yakaoma zvisingaite uye zvakare yakapetwa kana kukora setitanium. The iindasitiri yakakurumidza kushandisa simbi yesimbi mukugadzira kwayo maitiro. 

In 1913, Kuperevedzaofmadhaimondi eindasitiri muGermany anotungamira vaongorori kutsvaga imwe nzira yekufa kwedhaimani, iyo inoshandiswa kudhirowa waya.

Kambani yekuGerman yegirobhu yemagetsi inoendesa patent ye tungsten carbide kana zvakaoma simbi muna 1923. Inogadzirwa ne "cementing"zvakanyanyisayakaoma tungsten mono carbide (WC) zviyo mune binder matrix yesimbi yakaoma cobalt nechikamu chemvura sintering. Mhedzisiro yakashandura nhoroondo ye tungsten: chinhukutiinosanganisa simba rakakwirira, kuoma, uye kuoma kwepamusoro.

Munguva yenyikaWWII, maGermany ndivo vakatanga kushandisa tungsten carbide core kumusoro-velocity zvombo-kubaya projectiles. Matangi eBritish anenge "akanyunguduka" paanorohwa netungsten carbide projectiles.

The1950s: Kugadzirwa kwesimbi, nickel, uye cobalt-based superalloys kunotanga kuzadza kudiwa kwechinhu chinogona kumira kutonhora kunoshamisa kwemajini ejeti.

1960-1990: Tungsten carbide irizvakanyanyisazvakaoma,Diamond ndiyechinhu chega chega chinogona kuchikwenya.

Nowadays tungsten carbide yakapararira zvakanyanya, uye kushandiswa kwayo kunosanganisiras kucheka simbi, kugadzira huni, macomposites, Ceramics yakapfava, chipless kuumba (kupisa uye kutonhora), migodhi, kuvaka, kuchera matombo, zvimiro zvemukati, zvipfeko zvinopfeka, uye zvemauto. Kubva pakuwedzera-kubata bhasikoro tires kune chaiyo yekuvhiya zviridzwa, zvakaoma kuwana chigadzirwa chakasimba chisingashandisi imwe mhando yecarbid.e.