Metallurgy ea phofo le Tungsten Carbide
Metallurgy ea phofo le Tungsten Carbide
Indastering ea sejoale-joale, lihlahisoa tsa tungsten carbide li entsoe haholo ka metallurgy ea phofo. U kanna ua ba le lipotso tse ngata mabapi le phofo ea metallurgy le tungsten carbide. Metallurgy ea phofo ke eng? Tungsten carbide ke eng? Hona Tungsten carbide e entsoe joang ka metallurgy ea phofo? Sehloohong sena se selelele, u tla fumana karabo.
Litaba tsa sehlooho tsa sengoloa sena ke tse latelang:
1.Powder metallurgy
1.1 Kenyelletso e khuts'oane ea phofo ea metallurgy
1.2 Nalane ea phofo ea metallurgy
1.3 Lintho tse tla etsoa ka phofo ea metallurgy
1.4 Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ka phofo ea metallurgy
2.Tungsten carbide
2.1 Kenyelletso e khuts'oane ea tungsten carbide
2.2 Mabaka a ho sebelisa phofo ea metallurgy
2.3 Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea tungsten carbide
3.Summary
1.Powder metallurgy
1.1 kenyelletso e khuts'oane ea metallurgy ea phofo
Metallurgy ea phofo ke mokhoa oa ho etsa thepa kapa likaroloana ka ho kopanya phofo hore e be sebopeho se itseng le ho e tšela tlas'a mocheso o ka tlas'a libaka tse qhibilihisang. Mokhoa ona ha o tsejoe e le mokhoa o phahameng oa ho hlahisa likarolo tsa boleng bo holimo ho fihlela lekholong la kotara le fetileng. Ts'ebetso ea tungsten carbide haholo-holo e kenyelletsa likarolo tse peli: e 'ngoe e kopanya phofo ka lefung,' me e 'ngoe e futhumatsa compact sebakeng se sirelletsang. Mokhoa ona o ka sebelisoa ho hlahisa likarolo tse ngata tsa meralo ea phofshoana ea metallurgy, li-self-lubricating bear, le lisebelisoa tsa ho itšeha. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ena, metallurgy ea phofo e ka thusa ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea thepa le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa lihlahisoa tsa ho qetela. Ka kakaretso, metallurgy ea phofo e loketse ho etsa lihlahisoa tse tla bitsa chelete e ngata ka mekhoa e meng kapa tse ikhethang 'me li ka etsoa feela ka phofo ea metallurgy. E 'ngoe ea melemo e meholo ka ho fetisisa ea metallurgy ea phofo ke hore ts'ebetso ea phofo ea metallurgy e tenyetseha ka ho lekaneng ho lumella ho lokisoa ha litšobotsi tsa' mele tsa sehlahisoa ho lumellana le litlhoko tsa hau tsa thepa le ts'ebetso. Litšobotsi tsena tsa 'mele li kenyelletsa sebopeho se rarahaneng le sebopeho, porosity, ts'ebetso, ts'ebetso ea khatello ea maikutlo, ho monya ho sisinyeha, ho nepahala ho hoholo, ho qeta hantle holimo, letoto le leholo la likotoana tse nang le mamello e moqotetsane, le thepa e ikhethang e kang ho thatafala le ho hanyetsa ho roala.
1.2 Nalane ea phofo ea metallurgy
Histori ea metallurgy ea phofo e qala ka phofo ea tšepe. Lihlahisoa tse ling tsa phofo li ile tsa fumanoa mabitleng a Baegepeta lekholong la boraro la lilemo BC, 'me litšepe tse se nang ferrous le tse nang le tšepe li ile tsa fumanoa bohareng ba Bochabela, ebe li hasana Europe le Asia. Metheo ea saense ea metallurgy ea phofo e fumanoe ke rasaense oa Russia Mikhail Lomonosov lekholong la bo16 la lilemo. Ke eena oa pele oa ho ithuta mokhoa oa ho fetola litšepe tse sa tšoaneng, tse kang loto, hore e be phofo.
Leha ho le joalo, ka 1827, rasaense e mong oa Lerussia Peter G. Sobolevsky o ile a hlahisa mokhoa o mocha oa ho etsa mabenyane le lintho tse ling ka phofo. Qalong ea lekholo la mashome a mabeli la lilemo, lefatše le ile la fetoha. Ho sebelisoa theknoloji ea phofo ea metallurgy, 'me ka nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tsa elektronike, thahasello e ile ea eketseha. Ka mor'a bohareng ba lekholo la bo21 la lilemo, lihlahisoa tse hlahisoang ke phofo ea metallurgy li ile tsa eketseha haholo.
1.3Lisebelisuoa tse tla etsoa ka phofo ea metallurgy
Joalokaha re boletse pejana, metallurgy ea phofo e loketse ho etsa lihlahisoa tse tla bitsa chelete e ngata ka mekhoa e meng kapa tse ikhethang 'me li ka etsoa feela ka phofo ea metallurgy. Karolong ena, re tla bua ka lisebelisoa tsena ka botlalo.
A.Materials e bitsang chelete e ngata ka mokhoa o mong
Likarolo tsa sebopeho le lisebelisoa tsa porous ke lisebelisoa tse bitsang chelete e ngata ka mekhoa e meng. Likarolo tsa sebopeho li kenyelletsa litšepe tse ling, joalo ka koporo, koporo, boronse, aluminium, joalo-joalo. Li ka etsoa ka mekhoa e meng. Leha ho le joalo, batho ba rata metallurgy ea phofo ka lebaka la litšenyehelo tse tlase. Lisebelisoa tsa porous joalo ka ho boloka olili-bearings hangata li entsoe ka phofo ea metallurgy. Ka tsela ena, ho sebelisa phofo ea metallurgy ho ka fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa pele.
B. Lisebelisoa tse ikhethang tse ka etsoang feela ka metallurgy ea phofo
Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea lisebelisoa tse ikhethang tse ke keng tsa hlahisoa ka mekhoa e meng. Ke litšepe tse refractory le lisebelisoa tse kopaneng.
Litšepe tse refractory li na le lintlha tse phahameng tsa ho qhibiliha 'me li thata ho hlahisa ka ho qhibiliha le ho lahlela. Bongata ba litšepe tsena le tsona li brittle. Tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum le rhenium ke tsa litšepe tsena.
Ha e le lisebelisoa tse kopantsoeng, ho na le lisebelisoa tse fapaneng, tse kang lisebelisoa tsa motlakase, litšepe tse thata, lisebelisoa tsa ho ferekanngoa, lisebelisoa tsa ho itšeha taemane, lihlahisoa tse 'maloa tse entsoeng, motsoako o bonolo oa makenete, joalo-joalo. Metsoako ena ea litšepe tse peli kapa ho feta ha e qhibilihe, 'me litšepe tse ling li na le lintlha tse phahameng tsa ho qhibiliha.
1.4 Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ka phofo ea metallurgy
Mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa tlhahiso ea metallurgy ea phofo ke ho kopanya, ho kopanya le ho sila.
1.4.1 Motsoako
Kopanya phofo ea tšepe kapa phofo. Ts'ebetso ena e etsoa ka mochini o silang oa bolo o nang le tšepe e tlamang.
1.4.2 E kopane
Laela motsoako ka har'a dae kapa hlobo 'me u sebelise khatello. Ts'ebetsong ena, li-compact li bitsoa green tungsten carbide, e bolelang tungsten carbide e sa tsitsang.
1.4.3 Moetsadibe
Chesa tungsten carbide e tala sebakeng se sireletsang mocheso o ka tlaase ho ntlha ea ho qhibiliha ea likarolo tse kholo e le hore likaroloana tsa phofo li kopane 'me li fane ka matla a lekaneng ho ntho bakeng sa tšebeliso e reriloeng. Sena se bitsoa sintering.
2.Tungsten carbide
2.1 Kenyelletso e khuts'oane ea tungsten carbide
Tungsten carbide, eo hape e bitsoang tungsten alloy, alloy e thata, tšepe e thata, kapa carbide e entsoeng ka samente, ke e 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tse thata ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, feela ka mor'a taemane. E le motsoako oa tungsten le carbon, tungsten carbide e rua melemo ea lisebelisoa tse peli tse tala. E na le lintho tse ngata tse ntle tse kang boima bo phahameng, matla a matle, ho hanyetsa ho roala, ho hanyetsa tšusumetso, ho hanyetsa ho tsosoa, ho tšoarella, joalo-joalo. Limaraka le tsona e ka ba karolo ea ho susumetsa ts'ebetso ea tungsten carbide ka boeona. Ho na le letoto la li-grads tse ngata, joalo ka YG, YW, YK, joalo-joalo. Lihlopha tsena tsa lihlopha li fapane le phofo ea binder e kentsoeng ka tungsten carbide. YG series tungsten carbide e khetha cobalt e le setlamo sa eona, ha YK series tungsten carbide e sebelisa nickel e le tlamahano ea eona.
Ka melemo e mengata e shebaneng le lisebelisoa tsa mofuta ona, tungsten carbide e na le ts'ebeliso e pharaletseng. Tungsten carbide e ka etsoa ka mefuta e mengata ea lihlahisoa, ho kenyelletsa likonopo tsa tungsten carbide, li-tungsten carbide rod, tungsten carbide plates, tungsten carbide end mill, tungsten carbide burrs, tungsten carbide blades, tungsten carbide punch pins, tungsten carbide welding, composite ho. Li ka sebelisoa haholo e le karolo ea likotoana tsa ho cheka bakeng sa ho cheka, ho cheka le ho rafa. 'Me li ka sebelisoa e le sesebelisoa sa ho itšeha ho etsa ho itšeha, ho sila, ho reteleha, ho pota-pota, joalo-joalo. Ntle le ts'ebeliso ea indasteri, tungsten carbide e ka sebelisoa hape bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi, joalo ka bolo e nyane lebopong la pene ea gel.
2.2 Mabaka a ho sebelisa phofo ea metallurgy
Tungsten carbide ke tšepe e refractory, ka hona ho thata ho e sebetsa ka mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea tlhahiso. Tungsten carbide ke thepa e ka hlahisoang feela ke metallurgy ea phofo. Ntle le tungsten carbide, lihlahisoa tsa tungsten carbide le tsona li na le litšepe tse ling, tse kang cobalt, nickel, titanium, kapa tantalum. Li kopantsoe, li hatelloa ke hlobo, ebe li silafatsoa ka mocheso o phahameng. Tungsten carbide e na le sebaka se phahameng sa ho qhibiliha, 'me e lokela ho kolobisoa ka mocheso o phahameng oa 2000鈩?ho theha boholo bo lakatsehang le sebōpeho le ho fumana boima bo phahameng.
2.3 Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea tungsten carbide
Fekthering, re sebelisa metallurgy ea phofo ho etsa lihlahisoa tsa tungsten carbide.Mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa metallurgy ea phofo ke ho kopanya li-powders, compact powders, le sinter green compacts. Ha re nahana ka thepa e khethehileng ea tungsten carbide eo re buileng ka eona ho 2.1 kenyelletso e khutšoanyane ea tungsten carbide, mokhoa oa ho etsa tungsten carbide o rarahane haholoanyane. Lintlha ke tse latelang:
2.3.1 Ho kopanya
Nakong ea ho kopanya, basebetsi ba tla kopanya phofo ea boleng bo holimo ea tungsten carbide le phofo ea binder eo haholo-holo e leng cobalt kapa nickel powder, ka tekanyo e itseng. Karolo e khethoa ho latela boemo boo bareki ba bo hlokang. Ka mohlala, ho na le 8% ea phofo ea cobalt ho YG8 tungsten carbide. Li-powder tse fapaneng tsa binder li na le melemo e fapaneng. E le e tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa, cobalt e khona ho kolobisa likaroloana tsa tungsten carbide le ho li tlama ka thata haholo. Leha ho le joalo, theko ea cobalt e ntse e phahama, 'me tšepe ea cobalt e ntse e eketseha ka seoelo. Tse ling tse peli tse tlamang tšepe ke nickel le tšepe. Lihlahisoa tsa tungsten carbide tse nang le phofo ea tšepe e le setlamo li na le matla a tlase a mochini ho feta a phofo ea cobalt. Ka linako tse ling, lifeme li tla sebelisa nickel e le sebaka sa cobalt, empa thepa ea lihlahisoa tsa tungsten carbide-nickel e tla ba tlase ho feta lihlahisoa tsa tungsten carbide-cobalt.
2.3.2 Ho sila ka metsi
Metsoako e kenngoa mochining oa ho sila ka bolo, oo ho oona ho nang le li-tungsten carbide liners kapa li-stainless steel liners. Nakong ea ho sila ka metsi, ethanol le metsi lia kenngoa. Boholo ba lijo-thollo tsa likaroloana tsa tungsten carbide bo tla ama thepa ea lihlahisoa tsa ho qetela. Ka kakaretso, tungsten carbide e nang le boholo bo boholo ba lijo-thollo e tla ba le boima bo tlase.
Ka mor'a ho sila ka metsi, motsoako oa slurry o tla tšeloa ka har'a setshelo ka mor'a ho sefa, e leng tekanyo ea bohlokoa ea ho thibela tungsten carbide ho silafatsoa. The slurry tungsten carbide e bolokoa ka har'a setshelo ho emela mehato e latelang.
2.3.3 Dry spray
Ts'ebetso ena ke ho etsa mouoane oa metsi le ethanol ka har'a tungsten carbide le ho omisa phofo ea motsoako oa tungsten carbide ka tora e omisang ea spray. Ligase tse khabane li eketsoa tora ea ho fafatsa. Ho netefatsa boleng ba tungsten carbide ea ho qetela, mokelikeli o ka tungsten carbide o lokela ho omisoa ka ho feletseng.
2.3.4 Ho siela
Ka mor'a ho fafatsa ka ho omella, basebetsi ba tla sefa phofo ea tungsten carbide ho tlosa maqeba a ka bang teng a oxidation, a tla ama ho kopana le ho chesoa ha tungsten carbide.
2.3.5 Ho kopanya
Nakong ea ho kopanya, mosebeletsi o tla sebelisa mechini ho hlahisa li-compact tsa tungsten carbide tse tala ka boholo le libopeho tse fapaneng ho ea ka litšoantšo. Ka kakaretso, li-compact tse tala li hatelloa ke mechini e ikemetseng. Lihlahisoa tse ling li fapane. Ka mohlala, lithupa tsa tungsten carbide li entsoe ka mechine ea extrusion kapa mechine ea isostatic ea mokotla o omileng. Boholo ba lik'hemik'hale tse tala li kholo ho feta lihlahisoa tsa ho qetela tsa tungsten carbide, kaha li-compact li tla fokotseha ka sintering. Nakong ea ho kopanya, lisebelisoa tse ling tse kang boka ba parafine li tla eketsoa ho fumana li-compact tse lebelletsoeng.
2.3.6 Sintering
Ho bonahala eka sintering ke mokhoa o bonolo hobane basebetsi ba hloka feela ho kenya li-compact tse tala ka sebōping sa sintering. Ha e le hantle, ho bina ho rarahane, 'me ho na le mekhahlelo e mene nakong ea ho bina. Ke ho tlosoa ha mochini oa li-moldings le sethala sa ho chesa pele, sethala se tiileng sa sintering, sethala sa sintering sa mokelikeli, le sethala sa pholileng. Lihlahisoa tsa tungsten carbide li fokotseha haholo nakong ea mohato o tiileng oa sintering.
Nakong ea sintering, mocheso o lokela ho eketseha butle-butle, 'me mocheso o tla fihla tlhōrōng ea oona sethaleng sa boraro, mohato oa mokelikeli oa sintering. Sebaka sa sintering se lokela ho hloeka haholo. Lihlahisoa tsa tungsten carbide li tla fokotseha haholo nakong ea ts'ebetso ena.
2.3.7 Tlhahlobo ea ho Qetela
Pele basebetsi ba paka lihlahisoa tsa tungsten carbide ebe ba li romela ho bareki, sehlahisoa se seng le se seng sa tungsten carbide se lokela ho hlahlojoa ka hloko. Lisebelisoa tse fapaneng li laboratoringe tla sebelisoa ts'ebetsong ena, joalo ka "Rockwell hardness tester", microscope ea metallurgic, tester density, coercimeter, joalo-joalo. Boleng ba bona le thepa ea bona, joalo ka boima, letsoalo, sebopeho sa kahare, palo ea cobalt le thepa e 'ngoe, e lokela ho hlahlojoa le ho netefatsoa.
3.Summary
Joalo ka sesebelisoa se tsebahalang le se sebelisoang haholo, tungsten carbide e na le mmaraka o pharalletseng indastering ea tlhahiso. Joalokaha re buile ka holimo, tungsten carbide e na le ntlha e phahameng ea ho qhibiliha. 'Me ke motsoako oa tungsten, carbon, le litšepe tse ling, kahoo tungsten carbide ho thata ho e etsa ka mekhoa e meng ea setso. Powder metallurgy banna karolo ea bohlokoa ho etseng lihlahisoa tsa tungsten carbide. Ka metallurgy ea phofo, lihlahisoa tsa tungsten carbide li fumana mefuta e fapaneng ea thepa ka mor'a letoto la ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso. Lintho tsena, tse kang boima, matla, ho hanyetsa ho roala, ho hanyetsa kutu, joalo-joalo, li ile tsa etsa hore tungsten carbide e sebelisoe haholo merafong, ho itšeha, kaho, matla, tlhahiso, sesole, sefofane, joalo-joalo.
ZZBETTER e ikitlaelletsa ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tsa tungsten carbide tsa maemo a holimo le tsa boleng bo holimo. Lihlahisoa tsa rona li rekisitsoe linaheng tse ngata le libakeng tse ngata hape li etsa katleho e kholo 'marakeng oa lehae. Re etsa lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tsa tungsten carbide, ho kenyelletsa le lithupa tsa tungsten carbide, likonopo tsa tungsten carbide, tungsten carbide dies, tungsten carbide blades, tungsten carbide rotary burrs, joalo-joalo. Lihlahisoa tse ikhethileng le tsona lia fumaneha.
Haeba u thahasella lihlahisoa tsa tungsten carbide 'me u batla boitsebiso bo eketsehileng le lintlha tse ling, u ka RE THUTA ka mohala kapa ka poso ka ho le letšehali, kapa RE ROMELA MAIL botlaaseng ba leqephe.
