Ukwethulwa kafushane komlando webhithi we-PDC ne-PDC

I-Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) kanye ne-PDC drill bits yethulwe emakethe amashumi eminyaka ambalwa. Ngalesi sikhathi eside i-PDC cutter kanye ne-PDC drill bit ziye zabhekana nezithiyo eziningi ezigabeni zazo zakuqala, nazo zaba nokuthuthuka okukhulu. Kancane kancane kodwa ekugcineni, amabhithi e-PDC kancane kancane ashintsha ama-cone bits ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kusisiki se-PDC, ukuqina kwebhithi, kanye nesakhiwo se-hydraulic bit. PDC manjethathangaphezu kwama-90% wesamba sevidiyo yokumba emhlabeni.

I-PDC Cutter yasungulwa okokuqala ngabakwaGeneral Electric (GE) ngo-1971. I-PDC Cutters yokuqala yemboni kawoyela negesi yenziwa ngo-1973 futhi ngeminyaka engu-3 yokuhlola nokuhlolwa kwenkundla, yethulwa ngokwentengiso ngo-1976 ngemva kobufakazi obunye kakhulu. isebenza kahle kunezenzo zokuchoboza zezinkinobho ze-carbide.

Ekuqaleni, ukwakheka komsiki we-PDC kunjena:  ithiphu eyindilinga ye-carbide, (ububanzi obungu-8.38mm, ukujiya okungu-2.8mm),  nongqimba lwedayimane ( ukujiya okungu-0.5mm ngaphandle kwe-chamfer ngaphezulu). Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakukhona ne-Compax "slug system" ye-PDC cutter. Isakhiwo salesi sisiki sasinjena: i-PDC complex ishisela ku-slug ye-carbide enosimende ukuze kube lula ukuyifaka kubhithi lokubhola lomzimba wensimbi, ngaleyo ndlela ilethe ukunethezeka okukhulu kumklami webhithi yokubhoboza.

Ngo-1973, i-GE ihlole i-PDC yayo yokuqala emthonjeni endaweni yase-King Ranch eningizimu ye-Texas. Phakathi nenqubo yokuhlola yokumba, inkinga yokuhlanza i-bit yayibhekwa njengekhona. Amazinyo amathathu ahluleka ejoyintini eliqinile, futhi amanye amazinyo amabili aphuka kanye nengxenye ye-tungsten carbide. Kamuva, inkampani yahlola i-drill bit yesibili endaweni yase-Hudson e-Colorado. Lo mshini wokubhoboza uthuthukise ukwakheka kwe-hydraulic enkingeni yokuhlanza. Ibhithi lizuze ukusebenza okungcono ekwakhekeni kwe-sandstone-shale ngesivinini sokumba ngokushesha. Kodwa kukhona ukuchezuka okuningana ukusuka kumzila we-borehole ohleliwe ngesikhathi sokumba, futhi inani elincane labasiki be-PDC abalahlekele ngenxa yoxhumo lokubhula.

Ngo-April 1974, i-drill bit yesithathu yahlolwa endaweni yaseSan Juan e-Utah, e-USA. Lokhu kancane kuye kwathuthukisa ukwakheka kwezinyo kanye nokuma kwebhithi. Ibhithi lithathele indawo yezinsimbi zomzimba zensimbi emthonjeni oseduze, kodwa umbhobho wehla futhi ingxenye yonakala. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kokubhoboza ukwakheka okuqinile, noma inkinga ebangelwa ukuwa kwenozzle.

Kusukela ngo-1974 kuya ku-1976, izinkampani ezihlukahlukene zokugaya kanye nosomabhizinisi bahlola ukuthuthukiswa okuhlukahlukene kwe-PDC cutter. Izinkinga eziningi ebezikhona bezigxile ocwaningweni. Imiphumela yocwaningo enjalo yahlanganiswa kumazinyo eStratapax PDC, eyasungulwa yi-GE ngoDisemba 1976.

Ukuguqulwa kwegama ukusuka ku-Compax kuya ku-Stratapax kusize ukuqeda ukudideka embonini encane phakathi kwamabhithi ane-tungsten carbide compacts, ne-diamond Compax.

Abasiki be-GE's Stratapax batholakala ekusungulweni komkhiqizo, ngo-1976

Maphakathi nawo-90s, abantu baqala ukusebenzisa kabanzi ubuchwepheshe be-chamfering kumazinyo okusika i-PDC, ubuchwepheshe be-multi-chamfer bamukelwa ngendlela ye-patent ngo-1995. Uma ubuchwepheshe be-chamfering busetshenziswa ngendlela efanele, ukumelana nokuphuka kwe-PDC ukusika amazinyo. inganyuswa ngo-100%.

Ngawo-1980, bobabili i-GE Company (USA) kanye ne-Sumitomo Company (eJapane) bafunde ukukhishwa kwe-cobalt endaweni yokusebenza yamazinyo e-PDC ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwamazinyo. Kodwa abazange bazuze impumelelo kwezohwebo. Ubuchwepheshe baphinde bathuthukiswa futhi bagunyazwa yi-Hycalog（USA）. Kwafakazelwa ukuthi uma impahla yensimbi ingasuswa esikhaleni sokusanhlamvu, ukuzinza okushisayo kwamazinyo e-PDC kuzothuthukiswa kakhulu ukuze i-bit ikwazi ukubhoboza kangcono ekubunjweni okuqinile nokuhlukumezayo. Lobu buchwepheshe bokukhipha i-cobalt buthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqokwa kwamazinyo e-PDC ekwakhekeni kwamatshe aqinile abrasive futhi kwandise ukusetshenziswa.Uhlu lwamabhithi we-PDC.

Kusukela ngo-2000, ukusetshenziswa kwezingcezu ze-PDC kukhule ngokushesha. Ukwakheka okungakwazi ukubhola ngezingcezu ze-PDC kancane kancane sekukwazi ukubholwa ngokwezomnotho nangokuthembekile ngezingcezu zokubhola ze-PDC.

Kusukela ngo-2004, embonini ye-drill bit, imali yemakethe ye-PDC drill bits yathatha cishe u-50%, futhi ibanga lokumba lifinyelele cishe ku-60%. Lokhu kukhula kusaqhubeka nanamuhla. Cishe wonke okwamanje asetshenziswa eNyakatho Melika izicelo zokumba amabhithi e-PDC.

Isibalo sivela ku-D.E. Scott

Ngamafuphi, selokhu yethulwa ngeminyaka yawo-70s futhi yaqala ukukhula kancane kancane, abasiki be-PDC kancane kancane baye bakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwemboni ye-drill bit yokuhlola nokumbiwa kukawoyela negesi. Umthelela wobuchwepheshe be-PDC embonini yokumba mkhulu.

Abasanda kungena emakethe yekhwalithi ephezulu yokusika amazinyo e-PDC, kanye nezinkampani ezinkulu zokubhoboza, bayaqhubeka nokuhola uguquko kanye nokusungulwa kwezinto ezintsha kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ukuze ukusebenza kwe-PDC amazinyo okusika kanye nezinsimbi zokubhola ze-PDC kuthuthukiswe ngokuqhubekayo.