I-Superhard Material

Iyiphi impahla eqinile kakhulu?

I-superhard material into enenani lokuqina elidlula ama-gigapascals (GPa) angu-40 uma ilinganiswa ngokuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-Vickers. Cishe ayizinto eziqinile ezingenakucindezelwa ezinokuqina kwama-electron aphezulu kanye nokuhlangana kwebhondi ephezulu. Njengomphumela wezakhiwo zabo eziyingqayizivele, lezi zinto zithakazelisa kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi zezimboni ezihlanganisa, kodwa azikhawulelwe, ama-abrasives, amathuluzi okupholisha nokusika, amabhuleki ama-disc, kanye nezingubo zokugqoka ezivikelayo nezivikelayo.

Indlela yokuthola izinto ezintsha eziqinile

Endleleni yokuqala, abacwaningi balingisa amabhondi ekhabhoni amafushane, aqondisayo edayimane ngokuhlanganisa izakhi zokukhanya njenge-boron, ikhabhoni, i-nitrogen, nomoya-mpilo.

Indlela yesibili ihlanganisa lezi zakhi ezilula (B, C, N, kanye no-O), kodwa futhi yethula izinsimbi eziguqukayo ezinokuminyana kwe-electron ye-valence ukuze zinikeze ukungahambi kahle okuphezulu. Ngale ndlela, izinsimbi ezine-moduli yobuningi obukhulu kodwa ubulukhuni obuphansi zihlanganiswa nama-athomu amancane akha i-covalent ukuze kukhiqizwe izinto eziqinile. I-Tungsten carbide iwukubonakaliswa okuhambisana nezimboni kwale ndlela, nakuba ingabhekwa njengenzima kakhulu. Kungenjalo, ama-borides ahlanganiswe nezinsimbi eziguqukayo abe yindawo ecebile yocwaningo olunzima kakhulu futhi aholele ekuvumbululeni okufana njengokuthiReB2,OsB2, futhiWB4.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto eziqinile kakhulu

Izinto zokwakha ezinzima kakhulu zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: izinhlanganisela zangaphakathi kanye nezinhlanganisela zangaphandle. Iqembu langaphakathi lihlanganisa idayimane, i-cubic boron nitride (c-BN), i-carbon nitrides, nezinhlanganisela ze-ternary ezifana ne-B-N-C, ezinobulukhuni bemvelo. Ngokuphambene, izinto ezingaphandle yilezo ezinobulukhuni obukhulu nezinye izakhiwo zemishini ezinqunywa ukwakheka kwazo okuncane kunokwakheka. Isibonelo se-extrinsic superhard material idayimane le-nanocrystalline elaziwa ngokuthi ama-nanorods edayimane ahlanganisiwe.

Idayimane iyinto enzima kakhulu eyaziwayo kuze kube manje, enobulukhuni be-Vickers ebangeni lama-70–150 GPa. Idayimane libonisa kokubili ukuguquguquka okuphezulu kwe-thermal kanye nezakhiwo zokuvikela ugesi, futhi kugxilwe kakhulu ekutholeni ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwalokhu kwaziswa. Izakhiwo zamadayimane emvelo ngamanye noma i-carbonado ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokwezinjongo zezimboni, ngakho-ke amadayimane okwenziwa aba into enkulu okugxilwe kuyo ocwaningweni.

Idayimane lokwenziwa

Ukuhlanganiswa kwamadayimane anengcindezi ephezulu ngo-1953 eSweden nango-1954 e-US okwenziwa kwaba nokwenzeka ngokuthuthukiswa kwemishini namasu amasha, kwaba ingqopha-mlando ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto zokwakha ezinzima kakhulu. Ukuhlanganiswa kubonise ngokusobala amandla ezicelo ezinomfutho ophezulu wezinjongo zezimboni futhi kwavuselela isithakazelo esikhulayo kulo mkhakha.

I-PDC cutter iwuhlobo lwezinto eziqinile kakhulu ezihlanganisa idayimane le-polycrystalline nge-tungsten carbide substrate. Idayimane iwukhiye wezinto ezingavuthiwe zabasiki bePDC. Ngenxa yokuthi amadayimane emvelo anzima ukwakha futhi athatha isikhathi eside, ayabiza kakhulu, futhi abiza kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni, kulokhu, idayimane ye-Synthetic ibambe iqhaza elikhulu embonini.

Uma unentshisekelo emikhiqizweni ye-tungsten carbide futhi ufuna ulwazi olwengeziwe nemininingwane, UNGAXHUMANA NATHI ngocingo noma ngemeyili kwesokunxele, noma SITHUMELE I-IMEYILI ezansi nekhasi.