Txhais ntawm Hardness

Hauv cov ntaub ntawv kev tshawb fawb, hardness yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm qhov tsis kam mus rau cov yas deformation hauv zos vim los ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab indentation lossis puas. Feem ntau, cov khoom sib txawv sib txawv ntawm lawv cov hardness; Piv txwv li, cov hlau tawv xws li titanium thiab beryllium yog ib qho nyuaj tshaj li cov hlau mos xws li sodium thiab hlau tin, lossis ntoo thiab cov yas ntau. Muaj kev ntsuas sib txawv ntawm hardness: khawb hardness, indentation hardness, thiab rebound hardness.

Cov piv txwv ntawm cov teeb meem nyuaj yog ceramics, pob zeb, qee yam hlau, thiab cov ntaub ntawv superhard, uas tuaj yeem sib txawv nrog cov khoom muag.

Lub ntsiab hom kev ntsuas hardness

Muaj peb hom kev ntsuas hardness: khawb, indentation, thiab rebound. Nyob rau hauv txhua chav kawm ntawm kev ntsuas, muaj cov ntsuas tus kheej.

(1) Kos hardness

Scratch hardness yog qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov kev tiv thaiv tus qauv zoo li cas rau kev tawg lossis cov yas deformation mus tas li vim kev sib txhuam los ntawm cov khoom ntse. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog tias ib qho khoom ua los ntawm cov khoom siv tawv dua yuav khawb ib qho khoom ua los ntawm cov khoom softer. Thaum kuaj cov coatings, khawb hardness hais txog lub zog tsim nyog los txiav los ntawm zaj duab xis mus rau lub substrate. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntau tshaj plaws yog Mohs nplai, uas yog siv hauv cov dej ntxhia. Ib qho cuab yeej los ua qhov ntsuas no yog sclerometer.

Lwm cov cuab yeej siv los ua cov kev sim no yog lub hnab tawv tawv tester. Cov cuab yeej no muaj cov nplai caj npab nrog cov qhab nia kawm tiav nrog rau plaub lub log tsheb. Ib qho cuab yeej kos nrog lub ntsej muag ntse yog mounted ntawm lub kaum sab xis predetermined mus rau qhov chaw kuaj. Txhawm rau siv nws qhov hnyav ntawm qhov paub qhov loj yog ntxiv rau qhov ntsuas caj npab ntawm ib qho ntawm cov qhab nia kawm tiav, thiab cov cuab yeej raug kos hla ntawm qhov chaw xeem. Kev siv qhov hnyav thiab cov cim tso cai rau lub siab paub siv yam tsis tas yuav tsum muaj cov tshuab nyuaj.

(2) Indentation hardness

Indentation hardness ntsuas qhov tsis kam ntawm cov qauv rau cov khoom deformation vim yog qhov compression tas li los ntawm cov khoom ntse. Kev ntsuam xyuas rau indentation hardness feem ntau yog siv hauv engineering thiab metallurgy. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ntsuas qhov tseem ceeb qhov ntev ntawm ib tug indentation sab laug los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb dimensioned thiab loaded indenter.

Kev ntsuas qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv yog Rockwell, Vickers, Shore, thiab Brinell, nrog rau lwm tus.

(3) Rebound hardness

Rebound hardness, tseem hu ua dynamic hardness, ntsuas qhov siab ntawm "thaws" ntawm pob zeb diamond-tipped rauj poob los ntawm qhov siab ruaj khov mus rau cov khoom siv. Hom hardness no muaj feem xyuam rau elasticity. Cov cuab yeej siv los ntsuas qhov ntsuas no yog hu ua stereoscope.

Ob qhov ntsuas uas ntsuas qhov tawv tawv yog Leeb rebound hardness test thiab Bennett hardness scale.

Txoj kev ultrasonic Contact Impedance (UCI) txiav txim siab qhov hardness los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov zaus ntawm tus pas nrig oscillating. Cov pas nrig muaj cov ncej hlau nrog lub vibrating lub cev thiab lub pyramid zoo li pob zeb diamond mounted ntawm ib kawg.

Vickers hardness ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj thiab superhard xaiv

Pob zeb diamond yog cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj tshaj plaws rau hnub tim, nrog Vickers hardness nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 70-150 GPa. Pob zeb diamond ua kom pom ob qho tib si thermal conductivity thiab hluav taws xob insulating zog, thiab ntau cov xim tau muab tso rau hauv kev nrhiav tswv yim rau cov khoom siv no.

Synthetic diamonds tau tsim rau kev lag luam txij li xyoo 1950s thiab siv ntau yam kev siv: kev sib txuas lus, laser optics, kev kho mob, txiav, sib tsoo thiab drilling, thiab lwm yam. Synthetic diamonds kuj yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau PDC cutters.

Yog tias koj txaus siab rau PDC cutters thiab xav tau cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus ntxiv, koj tuaj yeem tiv tauj peb hauv xov tooj lossis xa ntawv ntawm sab laug, lossis xa US MAIL rau hauv qab ntawm nplooj ntawv.