Kupititsa patsogolo ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zida Zapamwamba za Alloy

Mawu ofunika: sayansi ya zinthu; Zapamwamba aloyi zakuthupi; super alloy; minda yofunsira;

Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi teknoloji ndi kupita patsogolo kwa anthu, chitukuko chofulumira cha sayansi ndi zamakono zakhala chithandizo chofunikira pa chitukuko cha chikhalidwe ndi zachuma. Zapamwamba za alloy ndizofunikira kwambiri pazasayansi ndi ukadaulo wazinthu, ndipo gawo logwiritsira ntchito ndi lalikulu kwambiri, ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pakupangira mafakitale amakono.

Mbiri yachitukuko cha zida zapamwamba za alloy:

Zida za alloy zapamwamba zimatanthawuza zida zachitsulo zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, kutentha kwambiri, komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri. Kukula kwake kunayambika chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1900 pamene asayansi ku United Kingdom ndi ku United States anayamba kugwira ntchito yopangidwa ndi superalloy, kutanthauza kuti, aloyi wopangidwa ndi faifi wopangidwa ndi faifi wokhala ndi ma alloying monga chromium ndi molybdenum. Zinthu za aloyizi zimakhala ndi kukana kwabwino kwa okosijeni m'malo otenthetsera oxidation, motero zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzandege, petroleum, mankhwala, ndi madera ena otentha kwambiri.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 21, zida za alloy zapamwamba zidasintha ndikukweza. Zida zatsopano za alloy zimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zatsopano ndi njira zokonzekera kuti zipangitse kuti zonse zikhale zabwino kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, zida zatsopano za tungsten alloy, macro ndi ma microstructure ake ndi ofanana kwambiri, ali ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi dzimbiri, ndipo amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamlengalenga, zoponya, ndi madera ena apamwamba kwambiri.

Zapamwamba aloyi zipangizo ndi osiyanasiyana ntchito kupanga mafakitale:

1. Azamlengalenga: Azamlengalenga ndiye gawo lalikulu logwiritsira ntchito zida zapamwamba za alloy. Zida za alloy zapamwamba zimatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri komanso malo oponderezedwa kwambiri, kukonza magwiridwe antchito a injini zam'mlengalenga ndi injini za turbine, ndikuchepetsa kulemera kwa zida.

2. Mafuta ndi mankhwala: Kupanga mafuta ndi mankhwala ndi gawo lina lofunika. Kutentha kwapamwamba, kupanikizika kwambiri kwa mafuta a petroleum ndi zida za mankhwala kumafuna kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono za alloy kuti zithetse dzimbiri ndi kutentha kwa mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zipangizozo zikhale ndi moyo wautali, komanso kuchepetsa mtengo wokonza ndi kukonzanso.

3. Zamankhwala: Zida za alloy zapamwamba zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zida zachipatala. Mwachitsanzo, zida za titaniyamu zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zopangira mafupa ndi mano, zolimbana ndi dzimbiri, komanso zogwirizana bwino ndi bio, ndipo minofu yamunthu ndiyosavuta kuphatikizira.

Mwachidule, ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zamakono za alloy ndi zowonjezereka, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito zinthuzo kumalimbikitsidwa nthawi zonse ndikuwongolera, kukhala chithandizo chofunikira pakupanga mafakitale amakono.

Nkhani yotsatira ifotokoza za kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka aloyi m'munda wasayansi ya zinthundimakampani a petrochemical.