Intangiriro ngufi ya PDC na PDC biti amateka

Polycrystalline diamant compact (PDC) hamwe na PDC ya drill bits yamenyekanye kumasoko mumyaka mirongo. Muri iki gihe kirekire PDC ikata na PDC biti byahuye nibibazo byinshi mubyiciro byabo byambere, nabyo byateye imbere cyane. Buhorobuhoro ariko amaherezo, PDC bits yagiye isimbuza buhoro buhoro ibice bya cone hamwe niterambere rihoraho mugukata kwa PDC, biti bituje, hamwe na hydraulic. PDC bits ubukurindirahejuru ya 90% yamashusho yose yo gucukura kwisi.

PDC Cutter yavumbuwe bwa mbere na General Electric (GE) mu 1971. Cutters ya mbere ya PDC mu nganda za peteroli na gaze yakozwe mu 1973 kandi imaze imyaka 3 igerageza nubushakashatsi, yatangijwe mubucuruzi muri 1976 nyuma yuko bigaragaye ko ari byinshi. gukora neza kuruta guhonyora ibikorwa bya buto ya karbide.

Mubihe byambere, imiterere ya PDC imeze nkiyi: karbide izunguruka, (diameter 8.38mm, uburebure bwa 2.8mm), hamwe na diyama (uburebure bwa 0.5mm idafite chamfer hejuru). Muri kiriya gihe, hari na Compax "slug system" ikata PDC. Imiterere yiki cyuma yari imeze gutya: urwego rwa PDC rusudira kuri sima ya karbide ya sima kugirango bibe byoroshye gushira kumyuma yumubiri wibyuma, bityo bikazana ibyoroshye kubashushanya biti.

Mu 1973, GE yagerageje PDC yayo kare mu iriba mu gace ka King Ranch gaherereye mu majyepfo ya Texas. Mugihe cyo gucukura ibizamini, ikibazo cyogusukura bito byafatwaga nkaho kibaho. Amenyo atatu yananiwe gufatanyirizwa hamwe, andi menyo abiri yamenetse hamwe na karubide ya tungsten. Nyuma, isosiyete yagerageje imyitozo ya kabiri mu gace ka Hudson muri Colorado. Iyi myitozo ya bito yatunganije hydraulic kubibazo byogusukura. Bito yageze kumikorere myiza mumusenyi-shale hamwe numuvuduko wihuse. Ariko hariho gutandukana kwinshi kurugendo ruteganijwe gutegurwa mugihe cyo gucukura, kandi igihombo gito cya PDC cyatakaye kubera guhuza brazing.

Muri Mata 1974, igice cya gatatu cy'imyitozo cyageragejwe mu gace ka San Juan muri Utah, muri Amerika. Iyi biti yazamuye imiterere yinyo nuburyo bwa biti. Bito yasimbuye ibyuma byumubiri wa cone bits mu iriba ryegeranye, ariko nozzle iramanuka kandi biti byangiritse. Muri kiriya gihe, byafatwaga nkibibaho hafi yo gucukura kugirango bikorwe, cyangwa ikibazo cyatewe no kugwa.

Kuva 1974 kugeza 1976, ibigo bitandukanye bya drill bit hamwe na ba rwiyemezamirimo basuzumye iterambere ritandukanye muri PDC. Ibibazo byinshi byariho byibanze kubushakashatsi. Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi byinjijwe muburyo bwa Stratapax PDC, byatangijwe na GE mukuboza 1976.

Guhindura izina kuva kuri Compax ukagera kuri Stratapax byafashije gukuraho urujijo mu nganda za biti hagati ya bits hamwe na tungsten carbide compact, na diyama Compax.

GE ya Stratapax ya GE iboneka mugutangiza ibicuruzwa, 1976

Mu myaka ya za 90 rwagati, abantu batangiye gukoresha tekinoroji ya chamfering kuri PDC yo guca amenyo, tekinoroji ya chamfer yemejwe muburyo bwa patenti mumwaka wa 1995. Niba tekinoroji ya chamfering ikoreshejwe neza, kurwanya kuvunika kwa PDC guca amenyo irashobora kwiyongeraho 100%.

Mu myaka ya za 1980, byombi GE Company (USA) na Sumitomo Company (Ubuyapani) bigaga kuvanamo cobalt hejuru y amenyo ya PDC kugirango imikorere y amenyo ikorwe. Ariko ntibashoboye gutsinda mubucuruzi. Ikoranabuhanga nyuma ryongeye gutezwa imbere no gutangwa na Hycalog（Amerika）. Byaragaragaye ko niba ibikoresho byicyuma bishobora kuvanwa mu cyuho cy’ingano, ituze ry’ubushyuhe bw’amenyo ya PDC rizatezwa imbere cyane kuburyo biti bishobora gutobora neza muburyo bukomeye kandi bwangiza. Ubu buryo bwo kuvanaho cobalt butezimbere kwambara amenyo ya PDC muburyo bukomeye kandi bukomeye bwagutseurwego rwa PDC bits.

Guhera mu 2000, ikoreshwa rya bits ya PDC ryagutse vuba. Imiterere idashobora gucukurwa na bits ya PDC yagiye buhoro buhoro ibasha gucukurwa mubukungu kandi byizewe hamwe na bits ya PDC.

Kugeza mu 2004, mu nganda za biti, amafaranga yinjira mu isoko rya PDC ya drits yatwaye hafi 50%, naho intera yo gucukura igera kuri 60%. Iri terambere rirakomeza kugeza na nubu. Hafi ya byose bikoreshwa mubikorwa byo gucukura muri Amerika ya ruguru ni PDC bits.

Igishushanyo kiva muri D.E. Scott

Muri make, kuva yatangizwa mu myaka ya za 70 kandi ikagira iterambere ryayo ryambere, abakata PDC batezimbere buhoro buhoro iterambere ryiterambere ryinganda zinganda za peteroli na gaze no gucukura. Ingaruka zikoranabuhanga rya PDC ku nganda zicukura ni nini.

Abinjira bashya ku isoko rya PDC nziza yo guca amenyo, kimwe n’amasosiyete akomeye ya myitozo, bakomeje kuyobora ivugurura no guhanga udushya twibikoresho bishya hamwe nuburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro kugirango imikorere ya PDC ikata amenyo na bits ya PDC irashobora gukomeza kunozwa.