Powder Metallurgy uye Tungsten Carbide

Muindasitiri yemazuva ano, tungsten carbide zvigadzirwa zvinonyanya kugadzirwa nehupfu metallurgy. Iwe unogona kunge uine mibvunzo yakawanda nezvehupfu simbi uye tungsten carbide. Chii chinonzi powder metallurgy? Chii chinonzi tungsten carbide? Uye Tungsten carbide inogadzirwa sei nehupfu metallurgy? Muchinyorwa chino chakareba, uchawana mhinduro.

Nyaya huru yechinyorwa ichi ndeiyi:

1.Powder metallurgy

1.1Kusuma kupfupi kwehupfu metallurgy

1.2Nhoroondo yehupfu metallurgy

1.3Zvinhu zvinogadzirwa nehupfu metallurgy

1.4Kugadzira maitiro nehupfu simbi

2.Tungsten carbide

2.1Kusuma kupfupi kwe tungsten carbide

2.2 Zvikonzero zvekushandisa poda metallurgy

2.3Kugadzira maitiro e tungsten carbide

3.Summary

1.Powder metallurgy

1.1 kusuma kupfupi kwehupfu simbi

Powder metallurgy inzira yekugadzira kugadzira zvinhu kana zvidimbu kuburikidza nekukochekera hupfu kuita chimwe chimiro nekuipisa pasi petembiricha iri pasi penzvimbo dzinonyungudika. Iyi nzira haionekwe senzira yepamusoro yekugadzira zvikamu zvemhando yepamusoro kusvika muzana remakore rapfuura. Maitiro e tungsten carbide anonyanya kusanganisira zvikamu zviviri: imwe iri kubatanidza poda mukufa, uye imwe iri kupisa iyo compact munzvimbo inodzivirira. Iyi nzira inogona kushandiswa kugadzira yakawanda yezvimiro zveupfu metallurgy zvikamu, self-lubricating bearing, uye maturusi ekucheka. Munguva iyi, simbi yehupfu inogona kubatsira kuderedza kurasikirwa kwezvinhu uye kuderedza mutengo wezvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira. Kazhinji, poda metallurgy yakakodzera kugadzira izvo zvigadzirwa izvo zvinodhura zvakanyanya neimwe nzira kana izvo zvakasarudzika uye zvinogona kugadzirwa chete nehupfu simbi. Imwe yemabhenefiti makuru epoda metallurgy ndeyekuti iyo poda metallurgy process inochinjika zvakakwana kubvumira kugadzirwa kwehunhu hwechigadzirwa kuti huenderane neyako chaiyo pfuma uye kuita zvinodiwa. Aya maitiro emuviri anosanganisira chimiro chakaomarara uye chimiro, porosity, kuita, kuita mukushushikana, kutorwa kwekudengenyeka, kunyatsojeka, kupedzisa kwepamusoro pepamusoro, mikuru mikuru yezvimedu zvine kushivirira kwakatetepa, uye zvakakosha zvimiro zvakaita sekuoma uye kusapfeka.

1.2Nhoroondo yehupfu metallurgy

Nhoroondo yehupfu metallurgy inotanga nehupfu hwesimbi. Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvehupfu zvakawanikwa mumakuva eEgipita muzana remakore rechitatu BC, uye simbi dzisina ferrous uye ferrous dzakawanikwa pakati peEast, ndokuzopararira kuEurope neAsia. Nheyo dzesainzi dzepoda metallurgy dzakawanikwa nemusayendisiti wekuRussia Mikhail Lomonosov muzana ramakore rechi 16. Iye ndiye wekutanga kudzidza maitiro ekushandura simbi dzakasiyana-siyana, senge lead, kuita upfu.

Zvisinei, muna 1827, Mumwe musayendisiti weRussia Peter G. Sobolevsky akapa nzira itsva yekugadzira zvishongo nezvimwe zvinhu nehupfu. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, nyika yakachinja. Powder metallurgy technologies inoshandiswa, uye nekuvandudzwa kwemagetsi, kufarira kwakawedzera. Mushure mepakati pezana remakore rechi21, zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa nehupfu metallurgy zvakawedzera zvakanyanya.

1.3Zvishandiso zvinogadzirwa nehupfu metallurgy

Sezvatakambotaura, poda metallurgy yakakodzera kugadzira izvo zvigadzirwa izvo zvinodhura zvakanyanya neimwe nzira kana zvakasiyana uye zvinogona kugadzirwa nehupfu metallurgy. Muchikamu chino, tichataura pamusoro pezvinhu izvi zvakadzama.

A.Zvishandiso zvinodhura zvakanyanya neimwe nzira

Zvivako zvikamu uye porous zvinhu zvinhu zvinodhura zvakanyanya nedzimwe nzira. Zvivako zvikamu zvinosanganisira mamwe simbi, semhangura, ndarira, ndarira, aruminiyamu, zvichingodaro. Vanogona kugadzirwa nedzimwe nzira. Nekudaro, vanhu vanofarira kuita upfu simbi nekuda kwemutengo wakaderera. Porous zvinhu zvakadai sekuchengetedza mafutamabhengi anowanzo gadzirwa nehupfu metallurgy. Nenzira iyi, kushandisa hupfu simbi kunogona kuderedza mari yekutanga.

B.Unique zvinhu zvinogona kugadzirwa chete nehupfu metallurgy

Kune marudzi maviri ezvigadzirwa zvakasiyana zvisingagoni kugadzirwa nedzimwe nzira. Iwo refractory simbi uye composite zvinhu.

Refractory simbi dzine nzvimbo dzekunyungudika dzakakwirira uye dzinonetsa kubudisa nekunyunguduka nekukanda. Zvizhinji zvesimbi idzi zvakare brittle. Tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, uye rhenium ndezvesimbi idzi.

Kana zviri zvemidziyo inoumbwa, kune akasiyana zvinhu, semagetsi ekubatanidza zvinhu, simbi dzakaoma, friction zvinhu, maturusi ekucheka madhaimani, akati wandei akagadzirwa zvigadzirwa, yakapfava magineti composite, zvichingodaro. Aya maumbirwo emasimbi maviri kana anopfuura haanyungudike, uye mamwe masimbi ane nzvimbo dzakanyanya kunyungudika.

1.4Kugadzira maitiro nehupfu simbi

Iyo huru yekugadzira maitiro muupfu metallurgy kusanganisa, kubatanidza, uye sintering.

1.4.1 Mix

Sanganisa hupfu hwesimbi kana hupfu. Kuita uku kunoitwa muchina wekugaya bhora une binder simbi.

1.4.2 Compact

Isa musanganiswa mufa kana mold uye shandisa kumanikidza. Mukuita uku, ma compacts anonzi green tungsten carbide, zvinoreva unsintered tungsten carbide.

1.4.3 Sinter

Pisai tungsten carbide yakasvibirira munzvimbo inodzivirira pane tembiricha iri pazasi penzvimbo yakanyungudika yezvikamu zvikuru kuitira kuti zvidimbu zvehupfu zvibatane uye zvipe simba rakakwana kune chinhu chekushandisa. Izvi zvinonzi sintering.

2.Tungsten carbide

2.1Kusuma kupfupi kwe tungsten carbide

Tungsten carbide, inonziwo tungsten alloy, hard alloy, hard metal, kana simende carbide, ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma zvekushandisa pasi rose, mushure medhaimani chete. Semusanganiswa we tungsten uye kabhoni, tungsten carbide inogara nhaka zvakanakira izvo zviviri mbishi zvinhu. Iine zvinhu zvakawanda zvakanaka zvakadai sekuoma kwepamusoro, simba rakanaka, kupfeka kuramba, kukanganisa kwemaitiro, kuvhunduka, kusimba, nezvimwewo. Magiredhi anogona zvakare kuve chikamu chekukurudzira kuita kwe tungsten carbide pachayo. Kune akawanda magrads akateedzana, akadai seYG, YW, YK, zvichingodaro. Aya magiredhi akateedzana akasiyana neiyo binder poda yakawedzerwa mu tungsten carbide. YG yakatevedzana tungsten carbide inosarudza cobalt sebhainda rayo, nepo YK yakatevedzana tungsten carbide inoshandisa nickel sebhainda rayo.

Nezvakawanda zvakanakira zvakanangana nerudzi urwu rwemidziyo, tungsten carbide ine yakafara maapplication. Tungsten carbide inogona kugadzirwa mumhando dzakawanda dzezvigadzirwa, zvinosanganisira tungsten carbide mabhatani, tungsten carbide rods, tungsten carbide plates, tungsten carbide end mills, tungsten carbide burrs, tungsten carbide blades, tungsten carbide punch pini, tungsten carbide welding, composite robhoti. on. Inogona kushandiswa zvakanyanya sechikamu chekuchera mabheti ekugadzirisa, kuchera, uye kuchera. Uye vanogona kushandiswa sechishandiso chekucheka kuita kucheka, kugaya, kutenderedza, grooving, zvichingodaro. Kunze kwekushandiswa kwemaindasitiri, tungsten carbide inogona zvakare kushandiswa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, senge bhora diki munib yegel peni.

2.2 Zvikonzero zvekushandisa poda metallurgy

Tungsten carbide isimbi inodzivirira, saka zvakaoma kugadzirisa nenzira dzakajairwa dzekugadzira. Tungsten carbide chinhu chinogona kugadzirwa chete nehupfu simbi. Kunze kwe tungsten carbide, tungsten carbide zvigadzirwa zvinewo mamwe simbi, senge cobalt, nickel, titanium, kana tantalum. Izvo zvinosanganiswa, zvinomanikidzwa ne molds, uye zvino sintered pane kutonhora kwakanyanya. Tungsten carbide ine yakakwira kunyungudika, uye inofanirwa kunyungudutswa pakupisa kwakanyanya kwe2000鈩?kuumba saizi inodiwa uye chimiro uye kuwana kuomarara kwakanyanya.

2.3Kugadzira maitiro e tungsten carbide

Mufekitori, tinoshandisa poda metallurgy kugadzira tungsten carbide zvigadzirwa.Muitiro mukuru wepoda metallurgy ndeyekusanganisa hupfu, compact powders, uye sinter green compacts. Tichifunga nezvezvinhu zvakakosha zve tungsten carbide zvatakataura nezvazvo mu 2.1 Muchidimbu sumo ye tungsten carbide, iyo nzira yekugadzira tungsten carbide yakanyanya kuoma. Mashoko acho ndeaya:

2.3.1 Kusanganisa

Panguva yekusanganisa, vashandi vanosanganisa iyo yepamusoro-mhando tungsten carbide poda uye binder poda iyo inonyanya kuve cobalt kana nickel poda, pane imwe chikamu. Chikamu chinotarwa negiredhi iro vatengi vari kuda. Semuenzaniso, kune 8% cobalt poda muYG8 tungsten carbide. Different binder powders ane zvakanakira zvakasiyana. Seyakanyanya kuwanda, cobalt inokwanisa kunyorovesa tungsten carbide zvimedu uye nekuzvisunga zvakanyanya. Nekudaro, mutengo wecobalt uri kukwira, uye cobalt simbi iri kuwedzera kushomeka. Mamwe masimbi maviri anosunga nickel nesimbi. Tungsten carbide zvigadzirwa zvine iron poda sebhainda zvine simba remagetsi rakaderera pane iro rine cobalt hupfu. Dzimwe nguva, mafekitari achashandisa nickel sechinotsiva cobalt, asi zvimiro zvetungsten carbide-nickel zvigadzirwa zvichange zvakaderera pane tungsten carbide-cobalt zvigadzirwa.

2.3.2 Kugaya mvura

Misanganiswa inoiswa mumushini wekugaya bhora, umo mune tungsten carbide liners kana simbi isina tsvina. Munguva yekunyorova, ethanol nemvura zvinowedzerwa. Saizi yezviyo zve tungsten carbide zvimedu zvinokanganisa zvimiro zvezvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira. Kazhinji kutaura, tungsten carbide ine saizi yakakura yezviyo ichava nekuoma kwakaderera.

Mushure mekunyorova, musanganiswa we slurry uchadururwa mumudziyo mushure mekusefa, iyo chiyero chakakosha kudzivirira tungsten carbide kubva pakusvibiswa. Iyo slurry tungsten carbide inochengetwa mumudziyo kumirira matanho anotevera.

2.3.3 Dry spray

Iyi nzira ndeyekufefetedza mvura uye ethanol mu tungsten carbide uye kuomesa tungsten carbide musanganiswa upfu mu spray drying tower. Magasi akanaka anowedzerwa kune shongwe yekupfapfaidza. Kuti uve nechokwadi chemhando yekupedzisira tungsten carbide, mvura iri mu tungsten carbide inofanira kuomeswa zvachose.

2.3.4 Sieving

Mushure mekupfapfaidza kwakaoma, vashandi vanosefa tungsten carbide poda kuti vabvise mapundu anogona kuita oxidation, ayo anozokanganisa kubatanidza uye kunyura kwetungsten carbide.

2.3.5 Kubatana

Panguva yekubatanidza, mushandi achashandisa michina kugadzira tungsten carbide green compacts muhukuru hwakasiyana uye maumbirwo zvinoenderana nemifananidzo. Kazhinji kutaura, green compacts inotsikirirwa nemichina otomatiki. Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, tungsten carbide tsvimbo inogadzirwa neextrusion michina kana yakaoma-bhegi isostatic michina. Saizi yegirinhi compacts yakakura kupfuura yekupedzisira tungsten carbide zvigadzirwa, sezvo ma compacts anozodzikira mu sintering. Panguva yekubatanidza, mamwe maajenti ekuumba akadai separafini wax anozowedzerwa kuti awane macompacts anotarisirwa.

2.3.6 Sintering

Zvinoita sekunge sintering inzira iri nyore nekuti vashandi vanongoda kuisa magreen compacts muchoto chekupisa. Kutaura zvazviri, kuimba kwakaoma, uye pane matanho mana panguva yekuimba. Ndivo kubviswa kwe moldings agent uye pre-burning stage, solid phase sintering stage, liquid phase sintering stage, uye kutonhora nhanho. Izvo tungsten carbide zvigadzirwa zvinodzikira zvakanyanya panguva yakasimba chikamu sintering nhanho.

Mukupisa, tembiricha inofanirwa kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye tembiricha ichasvika pakakwirira padanho rechitatu, iyo yemvura chikamu sintering nhanho. Sintering environment inofanira kunge yakachena kwazvo. Izvo tungsten carbide zvigadzirwa zvichadzikira zvakanyanya panguva iyi.

2.3.7 Kuongorora kwekupedzisira

Vashandi vasati varongedza zvigadzirwa zve tungsten carbide vozvitumira kune vatengi, chidimbu chega chega che tungsten carbide chigadzirwa chinofanira kuongororwa nekungwarira. Midziyo yakasiyana-siyana mumarabhoritariichashandiswa mukuita uku, senge Rockwell kuomarara tester, metallurgical microscope, density tester, coercimeter, zvichingodaro. Hunhu hwavo uye zvivakwa, senge kuoma, density, chimiro chemukati, cobalt huwandu, uye zvimwe zvivakwa, zvinofanirwa kuongororwa uye kuvimbiswa.

3.Summary

Sechishandiso chakakurumbira uye chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya, tungsten carbide ine musika wakakura muindasitiri yekugadzira. Sezvatakataura pamusoro apa, tungsten carbide ine yakakwira kunyungudika. Uye inoumbwa netungsten, kabhoni, uye mamwe masimbi, saka tungsten carbide inonetsa kugadzira nedzimwe nzira dzechinyakare. Powder metallurgy varume basa rakakosha mukugadzira tungsten carbide zvigadzirwa. Nepoda metallurgy, tungsten carbide zvigadzirwa zvinowana akasiyana ezvivakwa mushure mekutevedzana kwemaitiro ekugadzira. Zvinhu izvi, zvakadai sekuoma, simba, kupfeka kusagadzikana, kusagadzikana kwemarara, nezvimwe zvakadaro, yakaita tungsten carbide inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumigodhi, kucheka, kuvaka, simba, kugadzira, mauto, aerospace, nezvimwewo.

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