Tungsten’s imbali

I-Tungsten carbide yimathiriyeli edibeneyo ebandakanya i-WC njengenqanaba elinzima kunye ne-cobalt (Co) njengesigaba sokubopha.Imbali yale khompawundi inokulandwa ukusuka kwiminyaka yoo-1700s. Ngelo xesha, abasebenzi basezimayini kwiiNtaba ze-Erz eSaxony eJamani baqaphela ukuba ezinye iintsimbi ezikrwada zaziya kuphazamisana nokuncitshiswa kwemigodi.ci-assiterite kwaye ivelise i-slag.But tungsten kwabayakhutshwa okokuqala kwintsimbi ekrwada wolframitenguJuan JoseD’U-Elhuyar kunye nomntakwabo uFausto. They wayenayongokulula kuncitshiswe iasidi ye-tungstic usebenzisa ilahle ukwenza isinyithi.Ngokwenza njalo, bafumanisa ngengozi ukuba eyona ndawo iphezulu yokunyibilika yale elementi3422degrees Celsius----Intsimbi eneyona ndawo iphezulu yokunyibilikangaphezulu kwamatyeli amabini indawo yokunyibilika iplatinam.Ngomnyaka we-1841, i-chemist uRobert Oxland wafumana amalungelo e-patent yaseBritani kwiindlela zokuvelisa i-sodium tungstate, i-tungstic acid, kunye ne-metallic tungsten. Le yayiyinkqubela phambili enkulu kwimbali yanamhlanje ye-tungsten chemistry kwaye yavula indlela yokuveliswa kwemveliso ye-tungsten.

Ngo-1896, ukwenziwa ngengozi kwe-tungsten carbide kwazisa utshintsho oluguqukileyo kwishishini kwaye kunempembelelo enkulu kuluntu lonke.It yafunyanwa nguUHenri Moissanngubani yenaIbhaso leNobelr. Ukufuna ukuvelisaan idayimani eyenziweyo, iMoisson eshushu iswekile kunye ne-tungsten oxide kwiziko. Iswekile yasebenza njenge-arhente yokunciphisa i-oxide ukuvelisae i-tungsten carbide enyibilikile. Yayibonisa iimpawu ezithile ezinqwenelekayo, kodwa yayimdeke kakhulu ukuba ingasetyenziswa kuyo nayiphi na ingqiqo yorhwebo.Hngaphezulu, Isibane seOsram sisebenza eBerlin i-WHOukuqondazedamandla e-carbide ngokukhawuleza wabamba ithuba lokuphuhlisa isamente yensimbi, kunye namasuntswana e-tungsten carbide afakwe kwi-matrix ye-cobalt. I-carbide yayinzima kakhulu kwaye iphindwe kane njenge-titanium. IIshishini lisebenzise ngokukhawuleza ikhompawundi yesinyithi kwiinkqubo zayo zokuvelisa. 

In 1913, Ukunqongophalaofiidayimani kwimizi-mveliso eJamani kukhokelela abaphandi ukuba bajonge enye indlela idayimani dies, ezisetyenziselwa ukuzoba ucingo.

Inkampani yaseJamani yebhalbhu yombane ingenise ipatent yetungsten carbide okanye nzima intsimbi ngowe-1923. Yenziwe "ngesamente"ngokugqithisileyotungsten enzima mono i-carbide (WC) iinkozo kwi-binder matrix yentsimbi eyomeleleyo ye-cobalt ngesigaba solwelo sintering. Isiphumo satshintsha imbali ye-tungsten: impahlaukubaidibanisa amandla aphezulu, ukuqina, kunye nobunzima obuphezulu.

Ngexesha lehlabathiWWII, amaJamani ayengawokuqala ukusebenzisa i-tungsten carbide core kwindawo ephezulu-isikrweqe sesantya-ukugqobhoza projectiles. Iitanki zaseBritane ziphantse “zinyibilika” xa zibethelwa zezi tungsten carbide projectiles.

I1950s: Ukuphuhliswa kwesinyithi, i-nickel, kunye ne-cobalt-based superalloys iqala ukuzalisa imfuno yezinto ezinokumelana nokushisa okumangalisayo kweenjini zejethi.

Ngo-1960-1990: iTungsten carbidengokugqithisileyonzima,Idayimani iekuphela kwento yendalo enokuyikrwela.

Nowi-adays tungsten carbide ixhaphake kakhulu, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kubandakanyas ukusika isinyithi, ukwenziwa kweenkuni, imidibaniso; iiseramikhi ezithambileyo, ukwenza i-chipless (kushushu nokubanda), imigodi, ulwakhiwo, ukugrunjwa kwamatye, iinxalenye zesakhiwo, iinxalenye ezinxibileyo, kunye namalungu omkhosi. Ukusuka extra-ukubamba ibhayisekile tires kwizixhobo zotyando ezichanekileyo, kunzima ukufumana imveliso ehlala ixesha elide engasebenzisi uhlobo oluthile lwe-carbide.