Incazelo yobulukhuni

Kusayensi yezinto zokwakha, ubulukhuni isilinganiso sokumelana nokuguquka kwepulasitiki kwendawo okubangelwa ukuhlehlisa ngomshini noma ukuhuzuka. Ngokuvamile, izinto ezahlukene ziyahlukahluka ngobulukhuni bazo; isibonelo, izinsimbi eziqinile ezifana ne-titanium ne-beryllium ziqinile kunezinsimbi ezithambile ezifana ne-sodium ne-metallic tin, noma ukhuni namapulasitiki avamile. Kunezilinganiso ezihlukene zobulukhuni: ubulukhuni bokuklwebha, ubulukhuni bokuhlehla, nobulukhuni bokubopha kabusha.

Izibonelo ezivamile zezinto eziqinile izinsimbi zobumba, ukhonkolo, izinsimbi ezithile, nezinto eziqinile, ezingaqhathaniswa nezinto ezithambile.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokulinganisa ubulukhuni

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokulinganisa ubulukhuni: ukuklwebha, ukuhlehlisa, nokubopha kabusha. Ngaphakathi kwalezi zigaba zokulinganisa, kunezilinganiso zokulinganisa ngazinye.

(1)Ukuqina kokuklwebha

Ukuqina kokuklwebha isilinganiso sokuthi isampula imelana kangakanani nokuphuka noma ukuwohloka kwepulasitiki unomphela ngenxa yokushwibeka kwento ecijile. Isimiso siwukuthi into eyenziwe ngendwangu eqinile izoklwebha into eyenziwe ngezinto ezithambile. Lapho kuhlolwa izindwangu, ubulukhuni bokuklwebha bubhekisela emandleni adingekayo ukusika ifilimu ku-substrate. Ukuhlolwa okuvame kakhulu isikali se-Mohs, esisetshenziswa ku-mineralogy. Ithuluzi elilodwa lokwenza lesi silinganiso yi-sclerometer.

Elinye ithuluzi elisetshenziselwa ukwenza lezi zivivinyo i-pocket hardness tester. Leli thuluzi liqukethe ingalo yesikali enezimpawu ezineziqu ezixhunywe enqoleni enamasondo amane. Ithuluzi lokuklwebha elinerimu ecijile libekwe nge-engeli enqunywe kusengaphambili endaweni yokuhlola. Ukuze uyisebenzise isisindo sesisindo esaziwayo sengezwa engalweni yesikali kwelinye lamamaki athweswe iziqu, bese ithuluzi libe selidwetshwa endaweni yokuhlola. Ukusetshenziswa kwesisindo kanye nokumaka kuvumela ingcindezi eyaziwayo ukuthi isetshenziswe ngaphandle kwesidingo semishini eyinkimbinkimbi.

(2)Ukuqina kokuhlehlisa

Ubulukhuni be-Indentiation bulinganisa ukumelana kwesampula ekuguqukeni kwezinto ezibonakalayo ngenxa yomthwalo ongapheli wokucindezelwa ovela entweni ebukhali. Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-indentation kusetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko kubunjiniyela kanye ne-metallurgy. Ukuhlola kusebenza kusisekelo esiyisisekelo sokulinganisa izilinganiso ezibucayi zokuhlehlisa ezishiywe i-indenter enobukhulu futhi elayishiwe.

Izikali ezijwayelekile zokuqina kwe-indent yi-Rockwell, i-Vickers, i-Shore, ne-Brinell, phakathi kwezinye.

(3)Ukuqina kokubopha kabusha

Ukuqina okubophezelayo, okwaziwa nangokuthi ubulukhuni obuguqukayo, bulinganisa ukuphakama "kokubhampa" kwesando esinesihloko sedayimane esiwe sisuka endaweni engaguquki singena kokubalulekile. Lolu hlobo lokuqina luhlobene nokunwebeka. Idivayisi esetshenziselwa ukuthatha lesi silinganiso yaziwa ngokuthi i-stereoscope.

Izikali ezimbili ezikala ubulukhuni be-rebound isivivinyo se-Leeb rebound hardness kanye ne-Bennett hardness scale.

Indlela ye-ultrasonic Contact Impedance (UCI) inquma ubulukhuni ngokulinganisa imvamisa yenduku ye-oscillating. Induku iqukethe i-shaft yensimbi enezinto ezidlidlizayo kanye nedayimane elimise okwephiramidi elifakwe ekugcineni.

Ubulukhuni beVickers bezinto ezikhethiwe eziqinile neziqinile

Idayimane iyinto enzima kakhulu eyaziwayo kuze kube manje, enobulukhuni be-Vickers ebangeni lama-70–150 GPa. Idayimane libonisa kokubili ukuguquguquka okuphezulu kwe-thermal kanye nezakhiwo zokuvikela ugesi, futhi kugxilwe kakhulu ekutholeni ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwalokhu kwaziswa.

Amadayimane okwenziwa akhiqizwe izinjongo zezimboni kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1950s futhi asetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza: ezokuxhumana, i-laser optics, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukusika, ukugaya nokubhoboza, njll. Amadayimane okwenziwa nawo ayizisetshenziswa eziyinhloko zabasiki be-PDC.

Uma unentshisekelo kubasiki be-PDC futhi ufuna ulwazi olwengeziwe kanye nemininingwane, UNGATHI XHUMANA NATHI ngocingo noma ngemeyili kwesokunxele, noma SITHUMELE I-IMEYILI ezansi nekhasi.