Igisobanuro cyo gukomera

Mubikoresho bya siyansi, ubukana ni igipimo cyo kurwanya ihindagurika rya plastiki ryaho riterwa no gukanika imashini cyangwa gukuramo. Muri rusange, ibikoresho bitandukanye bitandukanye mubukomere bwabo; kurugero, ibyuma bikomeye nka titanium na beryllium birakomeye kuruta ibyuma byoroshye nka sodium na tin metallic, cyangwa ibiti na plastiki bisanzwe. Hariho ibipimo bitandukanye byubukomere: gushushanya gukomera, gukomera kwa indentation, no gukomera.

Ingero zisanzwe zibintu bikomeye ni ububumbyi, beto, ibyuma bimwe, nibikoresho bya superhard, bishobora kugereranywa nibintu byoroshye.

Ubwoko bwibanze bwo gupima ubukana

Hariho ubwoko butatu bwingenzi bwo gupima ubukana: gushushanya, kwerekana, no kwisubiraho. Muri buri cyiciro cyo gupima, hariho umunzani wo gupima.

(1) Shushanya gukomera

Gukomera cyane ni igipimo cyukuntu urugero rwirwanya kuvunika cyangwa guhindagurika kwa plastiki bihoraho kubera guterana bivuye mubintu bikarishye. Ihame nuko ikintu gikozwe mubintu bikomeye kizashushanya ikintu gikozwe mubintu byoroshye. Iyo ugerageza gutwikisha, gukomera gushushanya bivuga imbaraga zikenewe zo guca muri firime kugeza kuri substrate. Ikizamini gikunze kugaragara ni igipimo cya Mohs, gikoreshwa muri mineralogi. Igikoresho kimwe cyo gukora iki gipimo ni sclerometero.

Ikindi gikoresho gikoreshwa mugukora ibi bizamini ni bipimisha umufuka. Iki gikoresho kigizwe n'ukuboko kwipimishije hamwe n'ibimenyetso byahawe impamyabumenyi bifatanye n'amagare ane. Igikoresho cyo gushushanya gifite uruziga rukarishye gishyirwa kumurongo wagenwe hejuru yikizamini. Kugirango uyikoreshe uburemere bwa misa izwi yongewe kumunzani wintoki kuri kimwe mubimenyetso byarangije, hanyuma igikoresho gishushanywa hejuru yikizamini. Gukoresha uburemere nibimenyetso byemerera igitutu kizwi gukoreshwa bidakenewe imashini zigoye.

(2) Kwerekana gukomera

Ubukomezi bwa Indentation bupima kurwanya icyitegererezo cyo guhindura ibintu kubera umutwaro uhoraho wo kwikuramo ibintu bivuye ku kintu gityaye. Ikizamini cyo gukomera kwa indentation gikoreshwa cyane cyane mubuhanga na metallurgie. Ibizamini bikora muburyo bwibanze bwo gupima ibipimo bikomeye bya indentation yasizwe na indenter yihariye kandi yuzuye.

Ibipimo bisanzwe byerekana ubukana ni Rockwell, Vickers, Shore, na Brinell, nibindi.

(3) Ongera ukomere

Gukomera kwinshi, bizwi kandi nk'ubukomezi bukomeye, bipima uburebure bwa "bounce" y'inyundo ya diyama yamanutse kuva ku burebure butajegajega ku kintu. Ubu bwoko bwo gukomera bujyanye na elastique. Igikoresho gikoreshwa mu gufata iki gipimo kizwi nka stereoscope.

Ibipimo bibiri bipima ubukana bwisubiramo ni Leeb rebound igeragezwa hamwe nubunini bwa Bennett.

Uburyo bwa ultrasonic Contact Impedance (UCI) bugena ubukana mugupima inshuro yinkoni ihindagurika. Inkoni igizwe nicyuma gifite ikintu kinyeganyega na diyama ya piramide yashizwe kumutwe umwe.

Vickers ubukana bwibikoresho byatoranijwe bikomeye kandi superhard

Diamond nicyo kintu kizwi cyane kugeza ubu, hamwe na Vickers ubukana buri hagati ya 70-150 GPa. Diamond yerekana ubushyuhe bwumuriro mwinshi hamwe nubushakashatsi bwamashanyarazi, kandi hitabiriwe cyane mugushakisha ibikoresho bifatika.

Diyama ya sintetike yakozwe mu nganda kuva mu myaka ya za 1950 kandi ikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye: itumanaho, laser optique, ubuvuzi, gukata, gusya no gucukura, n'ibindi.

Niba ushishikajwe no gukata PDC ukaba ushaka ibisobanuro byinshi nibisobanuro birambuye, urashobora kutwandikira ukoresheje terefone cyangwa amabaruwa ibumoso, cyangwa UKOHEREZA MAIL US hepfo yurupapuro.